To solve the problem that the type and area of macular disease are not easy to identify due to the irregular scale and unobvious characteristics of macular disease region on retinal OCT images, an improved YOLOv8n macular disease detection model is proposed, and a data set of retinal macular disease detection is established. Firstly, the feature pyramid module of bidirectional weighted feature fusion was added. Secondly, the attention mechanism was introduced. Finally, the novel loss function was replaced. The improved model can complete the multi-scale and irregular multi-objective training task of retinal maculopathy. The experimental results show that the improved model has a good effect on the self-built data set. The accuracy of central serous macular degeneration, macular hole, and choroidal neovasculation can reach 97.7%, 97.8%, and 97.4%, respectively, and can accurately identify the location of the lesion.
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