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The holographic method created by D.Gabor uses the two dimensional photographic recording of the interference pattern of object and reference waves. E.Leit and U.Upatnieks scheme of recording based on the same idea that enables us to separate the restored and ghost Images had a strong stimulating influence on the developsent of holography. The most important landmark in the formation of holography Is Yu.N.Denlsyuk's creation of the method of reflection holography using imaging properties of the threedimensional recording of interference pattern in the material medium. The three— dimensional hologram turned out to be capable of restoring together with the complex amplitude of the object wave also its spectral composition. Later on Yu.N.Denisyuk proved that in the three—dimensional holographic medium not only the standing waves have the ability to restore wave fields, but also traveling waves of Intensity that were formed in the interference of waves of different length. p. van Hirden's Investigations who discovered the ability of three—dimensional holograms to carry out integral operations analogous to associative accesses in memory systems were of great importance to the holographic theory. The holographic method enables us to solve the problems inaccessible before such as storage and aposteriori processing of three—dimensional images, wavefront transformations and their comparison in time and space intervals. The recording of intensity distribution In the field of overlapping of object and reference waves turns out to be enough when there Is a task of holographic restoration of three characteristics of the object field — amplitude, phase and wave length. The important initial characteristic of the field scattered by the object Its polarization state is not reflected on the hologram. The reason for it is the absence of interference between mutually orthogonally polarized components of the object and reference fields. As a result the component of the electric vector of the object field that is orthogonal to the reference wave Is not fixed on the hologram. The image reconstructed from such a hologram is formed in the form of components of the original object field parallel to the reference wave. The described incompleteness of the recording and reconstruction leads to considerable limitations in the uses of the holographic method especially in the tasks where the polarization of the field scattered by the object has essential imformation load about the passing of the phenomenon under study in time. The schematic solution of this problem didn't succeed because of the principally unavoidable distortions. In the paper4 for the first time attention was paid to the fact that the absence of amplitude modulation in the interference of mutually orthogonally polarized object and reference waves is not a sign of the loss of holographic information. In the region of overlapping of these waves depending on their relative phase a field with a space—variable character of polarization is formed. In the general case of the summation of object and reference waves of arbitrary polarizations the distribution of the standing wave in the hologram plane has an essentially vector character which however in the recording process doesn't find any reflection. The conclusion following this was the necessity of using as hologram light sensitive media that acquire under the influence of polarized light induced aniotropy and gyrotropy, that modulate the polarization state of the summary wave. Thus, the essence of the solution of the problem is the structure of the vector field of standing electromagnetic waves in the form of anisotropy and gyrotropy variable on the surface reflected on the material carrier is capable with its subsequent excitation by the coherent wave, of reproducing the original field together with the amplitude and phase also according to polarization state. It is essential that the electromagnetic wave itself can form the similar structure in interacting with the polarizationaly sensitive material medium automatically reflecting on it while being recorded (Veigert effect)2'3
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