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This paper presents a brief description and testing results of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMC's) as dynamic sensors. As previously noted a strip of IPMC can exhibit large dynamic deformation if placed in a time varying electric field. Conversely, dynamic deformation of such ionic polymers produces dynamic electric fields. The underlying principle of such a mechanoelectric effect in IPMC can be explained by the linear irreversible thermodynamics in which ion and solvent transport are the fluxes and electric field and solvent pressure gradient are the forces. Important parameters include the material conductance and the permeability.
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Mohsen Shahinpoor, Kwang J. Kim, Benjamin Kyle Henderson, Donald J. Leo, "Sensing capabilities of ionic polymer-metal composites," Proc. SPIE 4328, Smart Structures and Materials 2001: Sensory Phenomena and Measurement Instrumentation for Smart Structures and Materials, (6 August 2001); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.435528