7 March 2014Study of bi-alkali photocathode growth on glass by X-ray techniques for fast timing response photomultipliers
Junqi Xie, Marcel Demarteau, Robert Wagner, Miguel Ruiz-Oses, Xue Liang, Ilan Ben-Zvi, Klaus Attenkofer, Susanne Schubert, John Smedley, Jared Wong, Howard Padmore, Arthur Woll
Junqi Xie,1 Marcel Demarteau,1 Robert Wagner,1 Miguel Ruiz-Oses,2 Xue Liang,2 Ilan Ben-Zvi,2 Klaus Attenkofer,3 Susanne Schubert,3,4 John Smedley,3 Jared Wong,5 Howard Padmore,5 Arthur Woll6
1Argonne National Lab. (United States) 2Stony Brook Univ. (United States) 3Brookhaven National Lab. (United States) 4Helmholtz-Zentrum (Germany) 5Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (United States) 6Cornell Univ. (United States)
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Bi-alkali antimonide photocathode is an essential component in fast timing response photomultipliers. Real-time in-situ grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and post-growth x-ray reflectivity measurement were performed to study the photocathode deposition process on glass substrate. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction patterns show the formation of Sb crystalline, dissolution of crystalline phase Sb by the application of K vapor and reformation of refined crystal textures. XRR result exhibits that the film thickness increases ~ 4.5 times after K diffusion and almost have no change after Cs diffusion. Further investigation is expected to understand the photocathode growth process and provide guidelines for photocathode development.
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Junqi Xie, Marcel Demarteau, Robert Wagner, Miguel Ruiz-Oses, Xue Liang, Ilan Ben-Zvi, Klaus Attenkofer, Susanne Schubert, John Smedley, Jared Wong, Howard Padmore, Arthur Woll, "Study of bi-alkali photocathode growth on glass by X-ray techniques for fast timing response photomultipliers," Proc. SPIE 8982, Optical Components and Materials XI, 89821O (7 March 2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2037367