Identifying volcanic endmembers in hyperspectral images using spectral unmixing

Alessandro Piscini; Elisa Carboni; Fabio Del Frate; Roy Gordon Grainger

doi:10.1117/12.2066649

21 October 2014 Identifying volcanic endmembers in hyperspectral images using spectral unmixing

Alessandro Piscini, Elisa Carboni, Fabio Del Frate, Roy Gordon Grainger

Proceedings Volume 9242, Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XIX; and Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XVII; 924215 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2066649
Event: SPIE Remote Sensing, 2014, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Abstract

Spectral unmixing technique is used in remote sensed data analysis for the determination of certain basis spectra called 'endmembers'. Once those spectra are found, the image cube can be 'unmixed' into fractional abundance of each material in each pixel. In the present work infrared spectra recorded by Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) were used to characterize the emission from Grimsvotn volcanic eruption on 2011. In particular, a methodology based on spectral unmixing theory was used in order to extract the spectral signature of volcanic cloud constituents, such as ash and sulphur dioxide (SO2) and maps of their abundances in a IASI image were obtained. Taking the advantage of IASI broad spectral coverage the broadband signature in the Thermal Infrared (TIR) radiance spectra in the 1000-1410 cm^-1 range associated with the presence of aerosols was obtained. Volcanic ash and SO₂ spectral signatures were extracted, as well as those related to the simultaneous presence of ash, SO₂ and cloud. The study proved that spectral unmixing, applied to Hyperspectral images, is able to identify volcanic aerosols and other species like SO₂despite a strong presence of meteorological clouds. Moreover, the analysis of hyperspectral datasets permitted to generate abundance maps for each endmember extracted. In particular, maps obtained for the test case of 2011 May, 23th put in evidence the separation between clouds of ejected SO₂ and volcanic ash. The former dispersed at Northern latitudes, whilst the latter was situated at southern latitudes, South of Iceland.

Citation Download Citation

Alessandro Piscini, Elisa Carboni, Fabio Del Frate, and Roy Gordon Grainger "Identifying volcanic endmembers in hyperspectral images using spectral unmixing", Proc. SPIE 9242, Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XIX; and Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XVII, 924215 (21 October 2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2066649

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