Impact of a large negative gain-to-cavity wavelength detuning on the performance of InGaAlAs oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Sergey A. Blokhin; Mikhail A. Bobrov; Nikolai A. Maleev; Alexander G. Kuzmenkov; Alexey V. Sakharov; Alexey A. Blokhin; Philip Moser; James A. Lott; Dieter Bimberg; Viktor M. Ustinov

doi:10.1117/12.2080942

4 March 2015 Impact of a large negative gain-to-cavity wavelength detuning on the performance of InGaAlAs oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Sergey A. Blokhin, Mikhail A. Bobrov, Nikolai A. Maleev, Alexander G. Kuzmenkov, Alexey V. Sakharov, Alexey A. Blokhin, Philip Moser, James A. Lott, Dieter Bimberg, Viktor M. Ustinov

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 9381, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XIX; 93810W (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2080942
Event: SPIE OPTO, 2015, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) based on the InGaAlAs-materials system on GaAs substrates are the key component for short-reach data and computer communications systems. Several different modulation schemes have been developed to realize high data bit rates based on various oxide-confined near-infrared VCSEL designs operated under direct current modulation. However, one open question to resolve is the optimal gain-to-cavity wavelength detuning to employ for temperature-stable high-speed performance. We investigate the static and dynamic characteristics of 850 nm high-speed oxide-confined VCSELs with different negative gain-to-cavity wavelength detunings. Our oxideconfined 850 nm VCSELs with a more common ~10 nm negative gain-to-cavity detuning demonstrate the conventional optical mode behavior with a classical single-resonance frequency response. With a larger (≥ 20 nm) negative detuning, our devices with large oxide-aperture size (>6 μm) show an anomalous start of lasing via higher order modes with a subsequent switching to lasing via the lowest order modes at higher currents. At intermediate currents, co-lasing via two types of transverse modes and a two-resonance modulation response is observed. The increase of operation temperature as well as the reduction in the oxide-aperture area resulted in classical lasing of index-guided VCSELs. The observed optical mode behavior can be attributed to the specific index guiding profile caused by the oxide-apertures, low internal optical losses, and the large gain-to-cavity detuning. Moreover, one can suggest that the complex shape of the modulation response results from the mode competition for the available gain during an interesting co-lasing operating regime.

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Sergey A. Blokhin, Mikhail A. Bobrov, Nikolai A. Maleev, Alexander G. Kuzmenkov, Alexey V. Sakharov, Alexey A. Blokhin, Philip Moser, James A. Lott, Dieter Bimberg, and Viktor M. Ustinov "Impact of a large negative gain-to-cavity wavelength detuning on the performance of InGaAlAs oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers", Proc. SPIE 9381, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XIX, 93810W (4 March 2015); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2080942

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