Paper
22 May 2015 Advances in sublimation studies for particles of explosives
Robert Furstenberg, Viet Nguyen, Thomas Fischer, Tara Abrishami, Michael Papantonakis, Chris Kendziora, David R. Mott, R. Andrew McGill
Author Affiliations +
Abstract
When handling explosives, or related surfaces, the hands routinely become contaminated with particles of explosives and related materials. Subsequent contact with a solid surface results in particle crushing and deposition. These particles provide an evidentiary trail which is useful for security applications. As such, the opto-physico-chemical characteristics of these particles are critical to trace explosives detection applications in DOD or DHS arenas. As the persistence of these particles is vital to their forensic exploitation, it is important to understand which factors influence their persistence. The longevity or stability of explosives particles on a substrate is a function of several environmental parameters or particle properties including: Vapor pressure, particle geometry, airflow, particle field size, substrate topography, humidity, reactivity, adlayers, admixtures, particle areal density, and temperature. In this work we deposited particles of 2,4-dinitrotoluene on standard microscopy glass slides by particle sieving and studied their sublimation as a function of airflow velocity, areal particle density and particle field size. Analysis of 2D microscopic images was used to compute and track particle size and geometrical characteristics. The humidity, temperature and substrate type were kept constant for each experiment. A custom airflow cell, using standard microscopy glass slide, allowed in-situ photomicroscopy. Areal particle densities and airflow velocities were selected to provide relevant loadings and flow velocities for a range of potential applications. For a chemical of interest, we define the radial sublimation velocity (RSV) for the equivalent sphere of a particle as the parameter to characterize the sublimation rate. The RSV is a useful parameter because it is independent of particle size. The sublimation rate for an ensemble of particles was found to significantly depend on airflow velocity, the areal density of the particles, and the particle field size. To compare sublimation studies these parameters must be known.
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Robert Furstenberg, Viet Nguyen, Thomas Fischer, Tara Abrishami, Michael Papantonakis, Chris Kendziora, David R. Mott, and R. Andrew McGill "Advances in sublimation studies for particles of explosives", Proc. SPIE 9455, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XVI, 94550R (22 May 2015); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177390
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KEYWORDS
Particles

Explosives

Glasses

Photomicroscopy

Microscopes

Image segmentation

Optical spheres

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