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The papers included in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected and subject to review by the editors and conference program committee. Some conference presentations may not be available for publication. The papers published in these proceedings reflect the work and thoughts of the authors and are published herein as submitted. The publisher is not responsible for the validity of the information or for any outcomes resulting from reliance thereon. Please use the following format to cite material from this book: Author(s), “Title of Paper,” in Next-Generation Analyst III, edited by Barbara D. Broome, Timothy P. Hanratty, David L. Hall, James Llinas, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 9499 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2015) Article CID Number. ISSN: 0277-786X ISBN: 9781628416152 Published by SPIE P.O. Box 10, Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010 USA Telephone +1 360 676 3290 (Pacific Time) · Fax +1 360 647 1445 Copyright © 2015, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Copying of material in this book for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, beyond the fair use provisions granted by the U.S. Copyright Law is authorized by SPIE subject to payment of copying fees. The Transactional Reporting Service base fee for this volume is $18.00 per article (or portion thereof), which should be paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Payment may also be made electronically through CCC Online at copyright.com. Other copying for republication, resale, advertising or promotion, or any form of systematic or multiple reproduction of any material in this book is prohibited except with permission in writing from the publisher. The CCC fee code is 0277-786X/15/$18.00. Printed in the United States of America. Publication of record for individual papers is online in the SPIE Digital Library. Paper Numbering: Proceedings of SPIE follow an e-First publication model, with papers published first online and then in print. Papers are published as they are submitted and meet publication criteria. A unique citation identifier (CID) number is assigned to each article at the time of the first publication. Utilization of CIDs allows articles to be fully citable as soon as they are published online, and connects the same identifier to all online, print, and electronic versions of the publication. SPIE uses a six-digit CID article numbering system in which:
The CID Number appears on each page of the manuscript. The complete citation is used on the first page, and an abbreviated version on subsequent pages. AuthorsNumbers in the index correspond to the last two digits of the six-digit citation identifier (CID) article numbering system used in Proceedings of SPIE. The first four digits reflect the volume number. Base 36 numbering is employed for the last two digits and indicates the order of articles within the volume. Numbers start with 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B…0Z, followed by 10-1Z, 20-2Z, etc. Alcocer, Pedro, 0Q Angele, Susanne, 08 Armstrong, Chandler, 0D Barry, Kevin, 0N Blasch, Erik, 0L Bradshaw, Jeffrey M., 0K Braines, Dave, 0I, 0J Brown, Ryan M., 0D, 0S Casini, Enrico, 0K Cassenti, Daniel N., 0H Catherman, Emily, 0B Chaves, Jillian, 0D, 0S Czerniejewski, Adam, 0D, 0S Danczyk, Jennifer, 05 Davenport, Jack H., 06 David, Peter, 0Q Del Vecchio, Justin, 0D Deng, Hongbo, 0A DiBona, Phil, 0N Drolet, Frédéric, 0G El Bekri, Nadia, 08 Elangovan, Vinayak, 09 Farry, Michael, 05 Giammanco, Cheryl, 0J Grace, Rob, 03 Graham, Jake, 0B Hadley, Christina, 0E Hall, David L., 0B Han, Jiawei, 0A Hansen, Nichole, 0Q Hartloff, Jesse, 0S Hawes, Timothy W., 0R Hirsch, Michael, 0M James, Alex, 0S Jenkins, Michael, 05 Kase, Sue E., 0H Knoblock, Craig A., 07 Kovach, Jesse, 0C Lavigne, Valérie, 0G Leskovich, W. Robert, 03, 04 Llinas, James, 0N Madahar, Bhopinder, 0O Mokhtari, Marielle, 0G Mott, David H., 0J Nolan, James J., 06, 0Q, 0R Pearson, Gavin, 0O Peinsipp-Byma, Elisabeth, 08 Perkins, Timothy K., 0D Preece, Alun, 0I Roy, Heather, 0H Rudnicki, Ron, 0D Sadler, Laurel, 0C Schoening, James R., 0E Schreiber, Yonatan, 0E Shemanski, Donald R., 0J Shirkhodaie, Amir, 09 Smith, Alison M., 0R Sudit, David, 0M Sudit, Moises, 0M, 0S Suri, Niranjan, 0C, 0K Szekely, Pedro, 07 Tauer, Gregory, 0D, 0S Voshell, Martin, 05 Wang, Jingjing, 0A Webberley, Will, 0I Winkler, Robert, 0C Wollocko, Arthur, 05 Conference CommitteeSymposium Chair
Symposium Co-chair Conference Chairs
Conference Program Committee
IntroductionSeveral major trends affect the roles and capabilities of modern analysts. First, the global dissemination of sensors and the internet of things (in which physical entities have embedded sensors, processing, and communications capabilities) provide near ubiquitous, global sensing, with a resulting tsunami of data. Second, cloud-based computing provides opportunities for individuals to access near infinite computing power for advanced modeling. Third, a new generation of intelligence analysts and intelligence information users is emerging. These netgeneration analysts and users are thoroughly familiar with Open Source information, participate in social networks, and “hive mind” collaboration, and generally utilize all of the emerging capabilities of hand-held computer/sensor systems. As a result, new roles are emerging for information and data analysts. Humans can act in several roles; i) as observers (both providing situational reports and using the sensors in their mobile devices), ii) as collaborative analysts interacting with local and global ad hoc teams to address complex problems, and iii) as data explorers who access huge data sources to discover new relationships and causalities. Applications for these new analysts range from traditional DoD applications such as situation awareness and threat assessment, to commercial and non-DoD areas such as environmental monitoring, business intelligence, emergency management, medical monitoring (e.g., of the spread of disease) and cyber security. Lessons are emerging for the design and development of technology support to these human functions from both Department of Defense and non-DoD applications and applied synergistically. This conference brought together researchers and practitioners to discuss these emerging changes including; perspectives on the evolution of tools and technology for accessing and processing data, collaboration methods, implications for new analysis methods, opportunities and threats (e.g., “the commoditization of Information, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR)) and implications for operations. This special session included five main tracks: i) Exploitation of Social Media, ii) Advance Concepts I, iii) Emerging Technology, iv) Human Machine Interaction, and v) Advance Concepts II. A brief summary of each of these is provided below. In addition, a panel discussion was held on the topic of Next Generation Analytics. Five papers were presented in the track on Exploitation of Social Media, chaired by Barbara Broome. The papers included:
New forms of social media such as Yik Yak are complementing Twitter, Facebook, and others. It was noted that digital natives (those who have grown up using Internet technology) are increasingly utilizing these forms of communications and interactions for social activities, reporting information about events and activities, and accessing the “hive mind” to address problems. The papers in this session illustrated how such data can be mined and used to enhance situation awareness, using both the data content as well as “meta-data,” such as the sentiment of a message. Four papers were presented in the first track of Advance Concepts, chaired by Timothy Hanratty. These included:
The papers introduced new techniques for integrating multi-INT data, automated classification of events and activities, recognition of human-vehicle interactions, and use of time-based analyses of textual data. Such use of both hard and soft data provides new capabilities for context-based interpretation of evolving situations. The track on Emerging Technology was chaired Timothy Hanratty. The session included five papers:
David Hall described the rapid emergence of commercial and open source tools for data discovery analysis and creation of advanced geo-spatial visualization tools that link geo-spatial data with social network information. The topic of analyst interaction and collaboration was addressed by Niranjan Suri and Yonatan Schreiber, while the concept of data harmonization was introduced by Justin Del Vecchio. New tools for improved threat analysis were presented by Geoff Gross. David Hall chaired the track on Human Machine Interaction. The session involved five papers including:
Visualization for situation displays, data mining, hypotheses generation and assessment, and analyst collaboration are rapidly evolving. Papers in this session introduced new concepts and described experiments with multi-sensor (and human input) data for enhanced understanding and decision-making. A particular theme involved how to develop and use conversational frameworks to allow machine automated processing of text-based information, without addressing the entire complexity of natural language processing. The second track on Advance Concepts was chaired by James Llinas. The track included five papers including:
Phil DiBona discussed the challenges and issues of composable systems, in which multiple system components must interact in an effective framework to fuse information from distributed systems utilizing heterogeneous information sources. Erik Blasch described the historical evolution of information fusion frameworks and models and discussed the need for modern evolution of those models to account for new trends in hard and soft fusion. A general mathematical framework for representing and propagating uncertainty for hard and soft data was presented by James Llinas on behalf of Galina Rogova, while Gavin Pearson discussed the scientific and technological challenges in achieving Big Data analytics in communications-disadvantaged military environments. A panel discussion on Next-Generation Analytics was moderated by Barbara Broome. Panel members included:
Barbara D. Broome Timothy P. Hanratty David L. Hall James Llinas |
