The prospect of manipulating materials’ properties with femtosecond laser pulses, the shortest stimuli known to mankind, has fascinated researchers for decades. Discoveries of femtosecond demagnetization of ferromagnets and all-optical magnetic switching are fueled by the demand for faster information storage and processing. However, understanding when and how optical energy delivered into band electrons is transferred to spin and lattice degrees of freedom remains among the most challenging and important topics in condensed matter physics. Here we demonstrate for FePt nanoparticles how to disentangle these complex energy pathways. We show that femtosecond demagnetization launches a highly anisotropic ultrafast lattice motion characterized by a- and b-axis expansion and c-axis contraction. Picosecond lattice stress from non-equilibrium phonons increases the a,b-lattice spacing while invar-like near-zero c-axis expansion persists for tens of picoseconds. Our work establishes for a metallic system the existence of intimate spin, electron and lattice coupling, a hallmark usually reserved for strongly correlated electron systems.
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