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Dynamic tuning of metamaterials is a critical step towards achieving advanced functionality and improved operational bandwidth. Approaches to modulation can be separated into two categories. The first is mechanical reconfiguration of the scatterer geometry or scatterer arrangement. The second is manipulation of the optical properties of the scatterer, or its environment. Although there are a variety of paths to achieve modulation, electrochemical actuation provides a method that can belong to both categories by providing for both volume expansion through lattice rearrangement as well as modulation of free electron density for permittivity control. In this talk we will outline several approaches towards electrochemical modulation including modulation of popular metasurface materials such as silicon and titanium oxide. The use of nanostructured metasurfaces allow for new freedom in controlling the spectral response of the material while also minimizing diffusion lengths for higher speed and lower power operation compared to traditional electrochromic materials.
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Jason G. Valentine, "Electrochemically actuated metasurfaces for dynamic color control," Proc. SPIE PC12130, Metamaterials XIII, PC121300W (24 May 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2621402