Knowledge of the positions of ultrasound transducer elements in a photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) system is essential for reconstructing high-quality images. Errors in these positions, typically due to manufacturing defects, can degrade the reconstructed image quality perceivably. To overcome this, we present a calibration method for the ultrasound transducer array geometry that is based on the times-of-arrival of point source signals at the array elements. We pose the problem in terms of the speed of sound, the transducer positions, and the point source positions. We reformulate the problem as a linear problem in the transducer coordinates by obtaining the other unknowns using surrogate methods. Finally, we estimate the transducer coordinates using the pseudoinverse solution and characterize the estimation error in the coordinates. We use our method for calibrating an experimental PACT system, which results in an improvement in the contrast-to-noise ratio and resolution of point source reconstructions. Additionally, we reconstruct the images of a healthy human breast and show that the calibrated image reveals vasculatures that were previously not visible.
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