doi:10.1117/3.2615406.ch9

Nonspherical Surfaces

Book: Modern Optics Drawings: The ISO 10110 Companion

Author(s): Eric Herman, David M. Aikens, Richard N. Youngworth

Published: 2021

https://doi.org/10.1117/3.2615406.ch9

Author Affiliations +

Abstract

The advantages of nonspherical (that is, rotationally invariant aspheric) profiles for optical surfaces to correct aberrations in optical systems have been known since the early days of geometrical optics and optical design. More recently freeform surfaces (that is, rotationally varying surfaces or surfaces with bilateral or no symmetry) have been used in ophthalmic and nonimaging applications. As fabrication and metrology methods have advanced, these surfaces have been increasingly used in imaging applications. Due to the need for standards to cover drawing notations for many different types of aspheres and general surfaces, two parts of ISO 10110, Parts 12 and 19, are dedicated to the specification of the theoretical (nominal) aspheric and general surfaces, respectively, in drawings. Additionally, other parts of ISO 10110 have been written (and revised) to support these types of surfaces; notably Parts 5, 6, 8, and 14. In this chapter, we provide background to using ISO 10110-12 and ISO 10110-19 to create drawings for numerous types of nonspherical surfaces. Development and a summary of descriptions in these standards can be studied independently of this book in the article by Schuhmann4 and the freeform paper by Youngworth et al.