Open Access
12 January 2024 Autonomous aeroamphibious invisibility cloak with stochastic-evolution learning
Chao Qian, Yuetian Jia, Zhedong Wang, Jieting Chen, Pujing Lin, Xiaoyue Zhu, Erping Li, Hongsheng Chen
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Being invisible ad libitum has long captivated the popular imagination, particularly in terms of safeguarding modern high-end instruments from potential threats. Decades ago, the advent of metamaterials and transformation optics sparked considerable interest in invisibility cloaks, which have been mainly demonstrated in ground and waveguide modalities. However, an omnidirectional flying cloak has not been achieved, primarily due to the challenges associated with dynamic synthesis of metasurface dispersion. We demonstrate an autonomous aeroamphibious invisibility cloak that incorporates a suite of perception, decision, and execution modules, capable of maintaining invisibility amidst kaleidoscopic backgrounds and neutralizing external stimuli. The physical breakthrough lies in the spatiotemporal modulation imparted on tunable metasurfaces to sculpt the scattering field in both space and frequency domains. To intelligently control the spatiotemporal metasurfaces, we introduce a stochastic-evolution learning that automatically aligns with the optimal solution through maximum probabilistic inference. In a fully self-driving experiment, we implement this concept on an unmanned drone and showcase adaptive invisibility in three canonical landscapes—sea, land, and air—with a similarity rate of up to 95%. Our work extends the family of invisibility cloaks to flying modality and inspires other research on material discoveries and homeostatic meta-devices.

CC BY: © The Authors. Published by SPIE and CLP under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.
Chao Qian, Yuetian Jia, Zhedong Wang, Jieting Chen, Pujing Lin, Xiaoyue Zhu, Erping Li, and Hongsheng Chen "Autonomous aeroamphibious invisibility cloak with stochastic-evolution learning," Advanced Photonics 6(1), 016001 (12 January 2024). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.6.1.016001
Received: 20 September 2023; Accepted: 14 December 2023; Published: 12 January 2024
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CITATIONS
Cited by 6 scholarly publications.
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KEYWORDS
Scattering

Reflection

Design

Photonics

Antennas

Education and training

Modulation

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