Open Access
1 September 2008 Noninvasive photoacoustic identification of sentinel lymph nodes containing methylene blue in vivo in a rat model
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Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the standard method of axillary staging for patients with breast cancer and clinically negative axillae. Even though SLNB using both methylene blue and radioactive tracers has a high identification rate, it still relies on an invasive surgical procedure with associated morbidity. Axillary ultrasound has emerged as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the axilla, but it can only assess morphology and cannot specifically identify sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). In this pilot study, we propose a noninvasive photoacoustic SLN identification system using methylene blue injection in a rat model. We successfully image a SLN with high optical contrast (146±41, standard deviation) and good ultrasonic resolution (~500 μm) in vivo. We also show potential feasibility for clinical applications by imaging 20- and 31-mm-deep SLNs in 3-D and 2-D, respectively. Our results suggest that this technology would be a useful clinical tool, allowing clinicians to identify SLNs noninvasively in vivo.
©(2008) Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
Kwang Hyun Song, Erich W. Stein, Julie A. Margenthaler, and Lihong V. Wang "Noninvasive photoacoustic identification of sentinel lymph nodes containing methylene blue in vivo in a rat model," Journal of Biomedical Optics 13(5), 054033 (1 September 2008). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2976427
Published: 1 September 2008
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CITATIONS
Cited by 205 scholarly publications and 1 patent.
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KEYWORDS
Photoacoustic spectroscopy

In vivo imaging

Lymphatic system

Imaging systems

Ultrasonics

Tissue optics

Transducers

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