21 April 2022 Y-branch waveguide splitters inscribed in Nd:KGW crystal by femtosecond laser writing: realization and laser emission
Shi-Ling Li, Li-Nan Ma
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

We report on the fabrication of active optical waveguide splitters with circular cladding geometry in Nd:KGW crystals using direct femtosecond laser writing. Y-branch waveguides capable of one to two beam splits were fabricated with a single 60-μm-diameter straight waveguide as the input end and two 30-μm-diameter output ends. The full branching angle between the two output arms changed from 1.0 deg to 2.4 deg. Confocal micro-Raman and microphotoluminescence spectra were used to investigate the Y-branch waveguides. Under the action of an optical pump at 806 nm, simultaneous continuous-wave laser oscillation at a wavelength of 1067 nm in both arms of the Y-branch waveguides was achieved. The laser output was spatially multimodal with a power-splitting ratio of 49.7:50.3 between the arms. A maximum laser output power of 106 mW and slope efficiency of 27.3% were achieved in the active Y-branch waveguide splitter with a splitting angle of 1.0 deg.

© 2022 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) 0091-3286/2022/$28.00 © 2022 SPIE
Shi-Ling Li and Li-Nan Ma "Y-branch waveguide splitters inscribed in Nd:KGW crystal by femtosecond laser writing: realization and laser emission," Optical Engineering 61(4), 047104 (21 April 2022). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.61.4.047104
Received: 2 March 2022; Accepted: 5 April 2022; Published: 21 April 2022
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KEYWORDS
Waveguides

Crystals

Laser crystals

Femtosecond phenomena

Cladding

Waveguide lasers

Raman spectroscopy

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