This paper introduces a new iterative learning algorithm for image enhancement. The proposed approach is a hybrid of deterministic learning automata and iterative learning principles. This hybrid iterative learning algorithm is based on repeatability process that tracks the desired trajectory or restores the original image. It has an iterative learning structure such that the next input consists of a combination of all previous inputs and errors. The desired trajectory or image is achieved by iteratively minimizing the error to an acceptable tolerance.

This paper introduces a PID based signal error modeling. The error modeling is based on the betterment process. The resulting iterative learning algorithm is introduced and a detailed proof is provided for both linear and nonlinear systems.

The optimization of the ratios of recording and reconstructing object and reference beams, and also the effect of the dynamic range, resolution and hologram size on the informativity of interferograms are considered, which results in obtaining the higher informativity of real-time holographic interferograms.

The theory of functional logical automata is the polymetric variant of formalization the self- reproducing von Neumann's automata. The hybrid theory of systems and theory of informative calculations are the basic of this model. The idea of creation the third generation of number theory is used. Practically the problems of rapprochement mathematics and linguistics, analogous and digital information are resolved. More effective search and creation the new types of computers and calculations, including optical, biological and other are realized. This method is effective for the defence of the computer from the virus. The functional logical automata is more reliable than other types the computers and have more number the non-controlled processes and operations.

This paper introduces an approach to the regularization of the iterative restoration methods based on the median filtering. The comparative analysis of low-pass and median regularization is performed. The median filtering is shown to be more efficient as the regularization in the case of noise with mixed distribution. The nonlinearity of the iterative method is provided by the constrain on non-negativity that makes possible to solve the problem of band-limited extrapolation. The use of median regularization does not require to chose the regularization parameter in contrast to Tikhonov regularization. However, the window size is to be chosen according to the noise level and could be considered as a parameter for the adaptive regularization to preserve edges according to the masking effect of human vision system.

In order to calculate information transmission through an acousto-optical device and find the places of main information losses it is necessary to follow the way in which the signal transmits through such a device. The signal transmission is described by means of consideration of signal transmission function. The way of the signal is divided into several chains each of which performs the certain conversion of the signal corresponding to the certain physical process. The transmission functions of separate chains are calculated from the point of view of description of information transmission through an acousto-optical device.

This paper is concerned with algorithms for removal additive noise from images. The proposed ((alpha) -(beta) )-trimmed mean filtering is suitable for application to real images corrupted by Gaussian, uniform and impulsive noise. The developed technique is a generalization of (alpha) -trimmed mean filter and have the same basic properties as rank- order filters. The actual performance of proposed technique was compared with that of average, median and midpoint filters and evaluate on noisy images by the error of restoration. The illustrative examples are given.

A new minimization method of Boolean functions of many variables is based on the comparison of numerical data of given function with any numbers of so-called conjuncterm field. Such conjuncterm field contains the set of conjuncterm values of all ranks, which are defined before. Comparing with traditional ones, the proposed algorithm provides the reducing of an operations number. Two application aspects are proposed in this paper. The first one is manual with using of a pattern of a graph function, and the second - computing method - with using of the conjuncterm field matrix of given n-variables function. This approach is suitable for minimization of Boolean functions system, too.

We propose an optical-digital method and describe an experiment on finger-prints identification. The identification is based on comparing feature-vectors of small dimensionality obtained via expanding directions fields for each finger-print in terms of the Hadamard basis. The employment of the operation of 'partial' images orthogonalization in the course of directions field calculation has made it possible to enhance the reliability of identification.

The reasons of the limitations of the total information capacity of holographic memory devices (HMD) with the short retrieval duration and two stages of infirmation recording and sampling, have been considered. The theoretical and practical optimum is found for the possible variations of number of the subholograms and number of pixels in a hologram. The possibilities of HMD information capacity increasing without the significant raising of the retrieval duration have been noted.

Special class of all-optical holographic associative memories with a nonlinearity in the filter domain is represented. Natural nonlinearity, just a nonlinear part of a holographic recording, lies in the basis of auto- and heteroassociative processes. It is shown, that the developed here class of quadric hologram-based associative memories is the widest generalization of a holographic matched filter technique including informative properties of ghost-image holography, Vander Lugt's correlator, so-called 'second-order holography' using photorefractive oscillators, and nonlinear holographic associative processor to archival data storage and implementation of optical interconnections are discussed.

The input image phase encoding method is utilized for identification of random binary phase masks (RBPM) and their separated fragments with a joint transform correlator (JTC). Equations for a joint power spectrum of a reference RBPM and its separated fragment and for a fragment's autocorrelation function produced in a JTC are obtained. Dependences between separated mask's fragment parameters and autocorrelation output signals are determined. Equations for autocorrelation peaks coordinates definition at a JTC output plane are found. Computer simulations of a mask's fragments autocorrelation functions are carried out. Influence of a mask and a fragments dimensions on output autocorrelation and sidelobe peaks is studied on a base of obtained results. Algorithm for realization of a code identification by a JTC with a phase-encoded input is proposed

The model of the robot vision system for image centering contained the joint transform correlator (JTC) with a phase-encoded input is proposed. The algorithm for an image centering and tracking realized with the robot vision system is considered. The principle of the image tracing algorithm is discussed. The theoretical analysis of the proposed system for the phase-encoded binary rectangular image entered to the JTC input is carried out. Equations for calculation the autocorrelation peaks and differential signal at the JTC output are obtained. Dependencies between geometric parameters of the moving phase-encoded input image and output signal magnitudes are found. Possibilities of the proposed system for a scale- and rotation-invariant object centering are briefly considered.

A new method of holographic recording of wideband radio and electric signals has been developed. The main peculiarity of this method is application of the complete compensation of laser beam light frequency shift which appears due to Doppler effect. The calculations of the compensation procedure have been carried out, and the experimental realization of the method was performed. The successful recording and reconstruction were caused by using of the photothermoplastic carrier.

The connection between temporal bandwidth and information capacity of temporal aperture is studied. The difference between amount of resolvable spots in optical channel of the acousto- optical amount of resolvable temporal interval sin electronic channel is shown for the case of gray scale transmission by the device. The information criterion of the temporal bandwidth of acousto-optical devices is formulated.

Spatial resolving power is one of the most important information parameters of acousto-optical devices. Its measurement is just the problem which is not completely solved up to this moment due to the fact that there is one generally accepted definition of the resolving power for these devices. The resolving power criterion is considered here, and the principles of information parameters measurement are developed. A laser scanning system for resolving power measurement is described, and the result of its application are stated and discussed.

We present the consideration of parametrically coupled solitary waves developing via codirectional collinear acousto-optical interaction in an optically anisotropic medium under action of a pulsed incident light wave. Both the cases of a strong an weak coupling are theoretically studied and then, the analysis of weakly coupled acousto-optical states with pulsed optical pump is extended to the regime with mismatched wave numbers. Such a phase mismatch enables us to shape and investigate the coupled acousto-optical states experimentally using the pulsed incident light at relatively low power density of acoustic pulses. A new digital programmable modulator capable of controlling over the binary encoded trains of optical pulses is proposed and developed. Results of our experiments with such a device are also presented and briefly discussed.

Application of acousto-optical cells in optoelectronic systems for signal processing allows to realize a high-speed data input and to provide the real-time signal optical processing. The nature of acousto-optical cells permits to realize the processing of only one dimensional data massive. But principal possibility of hybrid optoelectronic systems creating for two dimensional data massives processing exists. We propose to utilize the optical astigmatic element in an acousto-optic device for obtaining the simultaneous time delay and frequency multichannel processing. For this purpose we create the acousto-optic device for spatial data processing on the base of acousto-optic cells in the combination with matrix-array photodetector and special phase shift optical element. Investigation of the acousto-optic device characteristics is carried out.

The volume memory is proposed to be synthesized by overlapping of 1D expanded partial holograms on the moving carrier. The collinear optical heterodyning is used for data readout. With this approach the problematic 2D spatial light modulators are not necessary. The 1D partial holograms can be recorded by both the spatial pulse integrating and the time integrating techniques. For the latter case the acousto-optical scheme with so-called double counter scanning was worked out. The experimental results on recording hand reproducing of the wideband signals in the acousto-optical scheme confirm the real possibility for creation of such a holographic memory.

The system with spatial light modulator base don structure metal-insulator-semiconductor- liquid crystal is considered. Experimental investigations of this system were made to clear up the physical mechanisms of interaction between the image element. Such parameters as interaction time and interaction radius are considered.

The principal stages in technological chain of liquid crystal displays (LCD) production are presented for case where the measurement of optical polarization properties is required. Experimental set-up is described and result of LCD's substrates research are given. Influence of rubbing of polyimide layer on phase shift is considered. Analysis of five polyimide layers grouped with various structure and dopes is carried out. We have established that optical polarization technique allows to evaluate the degree and homogeneity of rubbing, determine the pre-inclination angle of polyimide molecular chains relatively to the surface of substrate.

In this paper, we prose ultrafast components for an all-optical digital processing such as logic gates, demultiplexers and analogue-to-digital converters. They are based on Kerr nonlinearity in single-mode fiber interferometric configurations. The potential for an extremely high-bit- rate processing is due to a femtosecond response time of Kerr effect in silica optical fibers. Optical schemes of the proposed devices are presented, and their functional capabilities are discussed.

A phenomenon of optical activity reversal under repolarization in ferroelectric Pb₅Ge₃O₁₁ is used in order to build up an electrically switched diaphragm. A small coercive field allows to control efficiently the transverse dimension of parallel light beam. Unlike the analogous devices based on the birefringent domains, the given construction is simpler and can work with incoherent light. The device can be utilized as a spatial filer with controlled spatial frequency pass band in optical analog information systems.

In optical systems for information processing based on spatial light modulators, the polarization components are widely used. Those components should provide a homogeneous polarization state over all their aperture. At the same time, numerous studies have revealed that there exists a large spatial scattering of the parameters of these elements. Determination of the quality of polarizers with the aid of polarimeter is known to be one of the most acceptable methods. One of the possible ways for solving this problem is just suggested here. Its advantage is that imperfections of polarizers which ensure creation and analysis of polarized light do not influence the values of parameters for testing polarizers.

The spatial light modulators (SLM) with inside degenerative feedback are described in the work. This feedback is realized by IR extinction of the photoconductivity because of the light falling from the reader beam on the photoconductor that is modulated by the intensity in the correlation with the input image. It is demonstrated in theory that the SLM parameters are improved by degenerative feedback. Basically the characteristics of the output image are determined by the parameters of the input image and do not depend from the intensity of the light reader beam and supplemented voltage practically.

Brief consideration of new technical solutions for polarization optical transducers of quasi- static pressure proposed by the authors is presented hereafter. The advantages of MULTIMODE registration compared with ONEMODE registration were indicated. Several options of calculation of MULTIMODE polarization-optical compensators for precise pressure measurements designed by Jones matrix method were described.

The relaxation of statistic photoelasticity of the anisotropic substrate have been measured for the first time. Examples for the crystals of TGS+Cr³⁺ are given. The mechanism of different sign relaxation and found on the initial phase of relaxation dependencies anomalies are discussed. The amplitudes and times of the elastic postaction must be taken in account when quick changed stresses are measured by photoelastic transformation device.

The resolving power of DC solid image converter was estimated and output device characteristics were calculated by using proposed approximation of non-linear volt-ampere and electro-optical characteristics of its layers. It was established that the resolving power can reach more than 50 lines/mm, if one used a powder electroluminophore layer created by original technology.

In this paper quantitative research methodology of superficial or volumetric decomposition of solid phase concentration in dust chemical reactors is presented. Optical knife technique with high power He-Ne laser is used. The picture of dust zones is taken and processed numerically by software which allow high precision densitometric analysis. The new direction influence on intensity of laser light diffusion caused by dust was taken into account when interpreting the results. The tests were made on model chemical reactor used for eliminating SO₂ and NO_x from the furnace gas using typical dust nozzle employed in power industry. This paper is a part of research program connected with dry furnace gas desulfurization method in TUROW power plant and in 'Bialystok' thermal-electric power station.

The structure and operating principle of an opto-digital spectrum polarimeter for Solar radio emission investigation is presented. The device registers the intensity of Solar radio emission and circular polarized component. The Solar observation results of both parameters are presented.

A panoramic radio spectrum receiver which is intended for observation of electromagnetic situation in air, is represented. An acousto-optical spectrum analyzer have been used as a basic chain of the receiver system. The detailed description of the receiver and analysis of its possibility are stated. The experiments with the sample of such receiver have been carried out, and their results are discussed here.

Scientific work - aimed at improvement of IR image camera 'Pyrovidicon' was given. 'Pyrovidicon' was supplied with the additional resources: interruption of a thermal flow, dropping on the target; mobile operative visualization of the thermal image; software and hardware quality upgrading, input of the received information in PC. Obtained results could satisfy a wide demand of the research establishments and different branches of industry to use IR image systems in non-destructive testing and diagnostics.

There is a great demand for the portable IR camera on pyrovidicon (PV) to solve the problems of diagnostics and non-destructive testing. This imager allows to watch low temperature objects having their own radiation. Temperature changes which are caused by the image of the heat radiating object of PV, create corresponding potential distribution, which is considered to be a scanning electronic beam. The main advantage of the camera of PV is comparison with the other means which are intended for the work in IR field of spectrum does not need to be cooled. Electron beam scanning is carried out by the focusing-deviating system which consists of the magnet deviating system and magnet focusing system. A drawback of the existing standard IR imagers is in their low resolution of camera, great geometrical deviations of the formed image and comparatively big weight. The ways of IR camera (IRC) perfection on the basis of PV are considered and great attention given to the new design of focusing- deviating systems - the main unit of IRC. It should allow the decrease of weight and size geometrical distortion, power consumption and increased resolution.

A new method for simulation of slightly dispersed fiber propagation losses is proposed. It takes into consideration the structure of inclusions with absorbing centers. As an example we investigate the optical losses of the single-mode fiber fabricated by modern technology when core and cladding are formed by precipitation from vapor and with absorbing impurities including hydroxyl.

In this work we study the effect of influence of the superlattice of electron density on the light propagation in the ferromagnetic semiconductors (FMSC). It is shown that as a result of incident electromagnetic wave diffraction by the superlattice of electron density there appear two waves in which a periodic transfer of energy from one wave to another. It is shown that on the base of FMSC with superlattice will be developing a diffraction elements for optical drives.