Dr. Ariel Blanco Profile

Dr. Ariel Blanco

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Proceedings Article | 29 January 2024 Paper

Mapping and assessment of burned areas in Rizal, Palawan using SAR burned and vegetation indices

D. C. D. Vergara, C. P. Canlas, A. Blanco

Proceedings Volume 12977, 129771X (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3009673

KEYWORDS: Synthetic aperture radar, Forest fires

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Palawan is considered "the last frontier" of the Philippines; in light of this, the province receives special attention from the national and international community. Despite this, there are still numerous issues that need to be addressed, including illegal burning activities. Based on reports and satellite image analyses, slash-and-burn (kaingin) farming is pervasive in Palawan. Burned areas are easily detected from optical satellite images using the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) or similar indices. However, the usefulness of optical imagery is severely limited by persistent cloud cover, especially in upland areas where kaingin is commonly practiced. This study focuses on the utilization of Sentinel-1 SAR data in monitoring the burned areas due to its ability to penetrate clouds, smoke, and haze. Radar burn and vegetation indices such as Radar Burn Difference (RBD), Radar Burn Ratio (RBR), Radar Vegetation Index (RVI), and Radar Forest Degradation Index (RFDI) were used to detect the burned areas. These were then cross-validated with the NBR layer. RBD index yielded better results compared to other radar burn and vegetation indices in mapping the burned areas. Additionally, the RBD using the VH polarization band provided detailed delineation of burned areas than that using the VV polarization band. In the operational monitoring of burned areas, the synergistic use of burned indices from optical and SAR images is recommended.

Proceedings Article | 29 January 2024 Paper

Mapping and assessment of slash-and-burn farming in Palawan, Philippines using various fire and burnt area products

C. P. Canlas, A. Blanco

Proceedings Volume 12977, 129770I (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3009667

KEYWORDS: Forest fires, Fire, MODIS, Vegetation, Land cover, Agriculture, Image processing

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Slash-and-burn agriculture or kaingin is a method of clearing and burning of forest for the planting of agricultural and agro-forestry crops. Observed effects of kaingin are destruction of forests, grassland fires due to uncontrolled or accidental fires, degraded soil, cultivation leaching, massive erosion and landslide. This study utilizes Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Active Fire and Thermal Anomalies, Fire CCI (European Space Agency Fire Climate Change Initiative), and MODIS Burned Area for a study period of 2015 to 2022. Results show that both fire and burn products capture the burning season in Palawan, occurring in April and March with high fire pixel counts, concurrent to its climate’s dry season. La Niña affected the trend across datasets wherein declines in fire pixel count during the years 2021 and 2022 were observed. The use of fire and burnt product depicted fire schemes across vegetation types. Clusters are assessed per vegetation type revealing fire incidents occurred predominately over shrublands with low intensity and temperature fire, and long duration of burns; and open forests with intense and high temperature fires with varying duration of burning. Moreover, density of fire occurrences are highest in the municipalities of Sofronio Espanola, Bataraza, Rizal, Quezon, Culion, Roxas, Aborlan, Taytay and Narra. Synergestic use of fire and burned area products is instrumental in understanding the quality and characteristics of fire; fire descriptors and schemes are crucial for fire management strategies.

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