With the development of science and technology, hole structures are widely used in many industrial fields, such as engine fuel nozzle, turbine blade air film cooling hole, etc. Traditional electrochemical machining can be used to fabricate the hole structures. However, an insulating layer must be coated on the tube electrode. The use of the insulating layer would degrade the quality of the fabricated hole structures. Here, we proposed to fabricate the hole structures by using superhydrophobic tube electrode. First, the superhydrophobic tube electrode was fabricated by laser ablation and low surface energy modification. Then, we investigated the influence of the voltage and feed rate on the radial overcut of the hole structures. Our superhydrophobic tube electrode is expected to be used in the fabrication of the hole structures.
Engines are very important power units in aircraft and automobiles. After running for a period of time, carbon deposit formed on the surface of the engines, which will increase energy consumption, reduce the performance of the engines, and pollute the environment. Therefore, it is important to understand the morphology and chemical composition of carbon deposit to avoid the formation of carbon deposit. In this paper, the surface morphology and elemental composition of carbon deposit were studied by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. In addition, the chemical groups of carbon deposit were explored by thermogravimetric and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the carbon deposit originates from fuel oil and lubricating oil and their additives, engine matrix, and air. Carbon deposit is composed of organic components, inorganic components. The organic components include saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated olefins, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, and esters.
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