Bronze cultural relics are an important part of Chinese traditional historical and cultural heritage. With the rapid development of ultrafast lasers in recent years, picosecond lasers have gradually been used in laser precision processing due to their controllability, reliability and low cost. With the increase of laser power, the laser ablation effect will occur[1].The contaminant on the surface of bronze cultural relics are thinner compared to that on other type of cultural heritage and need more accurate cleaning method needs to be used for removing contaminants without damaging the substrate of bronze relics. In 2013, Zhang Xiaotong et al. used wet laser cleaning technology to perform laser cleaning on the gilt bronze statues provided by Hebei Cultural Protection Center. They changed the power density, conducted preliminary trials of bronze cleaning [2]. In 2018, Shen Yijia et al. used agar gel and laser combined method to protect the bronze cultural relics from laser damage[3].
Cleaning of naturally formed pollutants and man-made adhesive materials on the surface of ceramic cultural relics is very important to the restoration and protection of ceramic cultural relics. With the rapid development of laser technology, laser cleaning has been successfully applied in the field of cultural relics cleaning due to its advantages of selectivity, controllability and high stability in the past two decades. In this manuscript, laser cleaning of virous pollutants on the surface of ceramic relics using a nanosecond fiber laser has been investigated experimentally. Cleaning parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and cleaning time have been changed to optimize the cleaning effect with different pollutants. The components of pollutants were analyzed by fluorescence spectrometer, while the morphologic changes of samples before and after cleaning were observed by a confocal microscope. The optimal cleaning parameters are obtained with virous pollutants respectively and it can provide effective support to the protection of ceramic relics.
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