Dr. Francisco R. Villatoro Profile

Dr. Francisco R. Villatoro

Associate Professor at Univ de Malaga

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Proceedings Article | 7 July 2005 Paper

Numerical analysis of propagation modes in disordered photonic crystal fibres

Francisco Villatoro, Angel Sanchez-Berrocal

Proceedings Volume 5840, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.608096

KEYWORDS: Finite element methods, Numerical analysis, Photonic crystal fibers, Cladding, Refractive index, Wave propagation, Optical fibers, Multimode fibers, Disordered photonic crystals, Single mode fibers

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Most numerical analysis of waveguide propagation in photonic crystal fibers are based on ideal structures with full discrete rotational symmetry and periodic boundary conditions to reduce the computational domain. However fabrication defects can yield some kind of disorder appearing as small random displacements in the air-hole distribution in the fibre cladding. The effects introduced by this disorder on the eigenmodes and propagation constants can be studied by the numerical solution of the whole cross-section of the photonic crystal fibre. Here, the finite element method is applied to the solution of the two-dimensional scalar Helmholtz equation. Nonsymmetrical meshes obtained by Delaunay triangulation are used, and a perfect matched layer is introduced outside the air-hole distribution in order to reduce the effects of spurious evanescent modes. For monomode fibres, the weak disorder only changes slightly the effective propagation constant and the field. However, for multimode fibre, the field profile of the higher-order modes deforms significantly even in the presence of weak disorder. The field profile of the fundamental mode adapts to the first row of air-holes with only small changes. But for multimode fibres the degeneracy of the high-order mode profiles, which follows from a group theory analysis of the full discrete symmetry of the fibre, is broken by the disordered air-hole distribution. Surprisingly, the effective propagation constant only suffers small changes. In summary, the results are similar to those obtained in recent experiments on multi-mode propagation in photonic crystal fibres.

Proceedings Article | 7 July 2005 Paper

Numerical analysis of the heat transfer within photonic crystal fibre preforms

Francisco Villatoro, Pablo Udias de la Mora

Proceedings Volume 5840, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.608091

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Polymethylmethacrylate, Solids, Heat flux, Photonic crystal fibers, Numerical analysis, Radiative energy transfer, Finite element methods, Glasses, Structured optical fibers

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Photonic crystal fibres consist of a number of air capillaries surrounding by either a solid or an air core. The airhole distribution allows the control of the fibre properties such as dispersion, birefringence and nonlinearities. For the manufacturing of these fibres, a preform with the required hole pattern is heated in a furnace and drawn down in a drawing tower, being essential that the air-structure of the preform be retained in the final fibre. The holes in the preform affect the heat conduction during the heating process and may result in surface tension forces and distorsion of the structure. A numerical simulation of the heat transfer during the preform heating is presented. Both finite element and volume element methods were developed for the two-dimensional axisymmetric linear heat equation with nonlinear boundary conditions accounting for the radiative heat transfer at the external surface by means of the Stefan-Boltzmann law. The heating time required to reach a uniform temperature distribution within the preform was determined for several hole distributions including high numerical aperture fibres. The main result is that the microstructured preform heats up faster or slower than the solid one, depending heavily on both the preform's air void fraction and distance of the exterior hole ring to the boundary. A detailed explanation of these facts is given. Since the outer part of the preform reaches the fibre draw temperature before the central part, a distorsion of the hole structure of the resulting fibre can result, therefore, a careful optimization of the heating process is a due requirement in photonic crystal fibre fabrication in order to avoid any such asymmetries.

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