KEYWORDS: Digital breast tomosynthesis, Computer aided detection, Breast, 3D modeling, Cancer detection, Architectural distortion, Medical image processing
Architectural distortion (AD) is one of the important breast abnormal signs in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). It is hard to be detected due to its subtle appearance and similar intensity with surrounding tissue. To assist radiologists to detect ADs, a single-view based computer-aided detection model in DBT was developed by us previously. In this study, considering the fact that radiologists always use information from craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views of DBT simultaneously for better diagnosis of each breast in clinic, we further develop a multi-view based AD detection model in DBT that combines the information from the two views. In this model, AD candidates in each view are detected by our previous AD detection model. Anatomical position priors of AD candidates in the two views are considered through establishing a 3D anatomical coordinate system. A multi-view based classifier is trained to fuse information from the two views and distinguish the true AD candidates. A dataset of 196 CC-MLO DBT pairs were collected with IRB approval, 101 of them contained ADs and the remaining were negative pairs. Ten-fold cross-validation showed that after involving our proposed multi-view method, the sensitivities of AD detection at 1, 2, 3 and 4 false positive predictions per DBT pairs improved from 0.66, 0.73, 0.77 and 0.79 to 0.69, 0.77, 0.78, and 0.83, respectively. The results showed that the multi-view based model achieved better detection performance than single-view based model. This model has potential to assist radiologists in detection of ADs in DBT.
Architectural distortion (AD) is one of the breast abnormal signs in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and digital mammography (DM). It is hard to be detected because of its subtle appearance and similar intensity with surrounding tissue. Since DBT is a three-dimensional imaging, it can address the problem of tissue superimposition in DM, so as to reduce false positives and false negatives. Several clinical studies have confirmed that radiologists can detect more ADs in DBT than in DM. These conclusions are based on subjective experience. To explore whether the engineering model and the experience of radiologists are consistent in AD detection tasks, this study compared the AD detection performance of a deep-learning-based computer-aided detection (CADe) model in DBT and DM images of the same group of cases. 394 DBT volumes and their corresponding DM images were collected retrospectively from 99 breast cancer screening cases. Among them, 203 DBT volumes and DM images contained ADs and the remaining 191 ones were negative group without any AD. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to train and evaluate the models and mean true positive fraction (MTPF) was used as figure-of-merit. The results showed that the CADe model achieved significantly better detection performance in DBT than DM (MTPF: 0.7026±0.0394 for DBT vs. 0.5870±0.0407 for DM, p=0.002). Qualitative analysis illustrated that DBT indeed had the ability to overcome tissue superimposition and showed more details of breast tissue. It helped the CADe model detect more ADs, which was consistent with clinical experience.
KEYWORDS: Digital breast tomosynthesis, Advanced distributed simulations, Convolution, Architectural distortion, Tissues, Medical imaging, Data modeling, Breast
Architectural distortion (AD) is one of the breast abnormal signs in medical imaging and it is hard to be detected in clinic because of its subtle appearance and similar intensity with surrounding tissues. We previously developed a deep-learning-based model for AD detection in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). However, for atypical ADs, the model’s detection performance was not good enough because atypical ADs do not have a radial pattern, which is the main characteristic of AD. Considering that radiologists always take surrounding tissues’ information as reference to locate atypical ADs, an ideal model should not only adapt to the different shape of atypical ADs, but also have a large receptive field. In this study, deformable convolution kernel was employed to establish a novel deep-learning-based AD detection model. A dataset of 265 DBT volumes including 64 typical ADs, 74 atypical ADs and 127 normal volumes were collected for model evaluation. Mean true positive fraction (MTPF) was used as figure-of-merit. The results of six-fold cross-validation showed that after involving deformable convolution, the MTPF improved from 0.53±0.04 to 0.56±0.04 (p=0.028) and the number of false positives (FPs) at 80% sensitivity reduced from 1.95 to 1.09. Especially for atypical AD, the MTPF improved from 0.45±0.05 to 0.51±0.04 (p=0.01) and the number of FPs at 80% sensitivity reduced from 4.79 to 1.51. These results showed that this model has potential to assist radiologists locate more suspicious ADs and improve their diagnosis efficiency.
Breast cancer is presently one of the most common cancer among women and has high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The emergence of microcalcifications (MCs) is an important early sign of breast cancer. In this study, a computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CAD) system is developed to automatically detect MC clusters (MCCs) and further providing cancer likelihood prediction. Firstly, each individual MC is detected using our previously designed MC detection system, which includes preprocessing, MC enhancement, MC candidate detection, false positive (FP) reduction of MCs and regional clustering procedures. Secondly, a deep convolution neural network (DCNN) is trained on 394 clinical high-resolution full field digital mammograms (FFDMs) containing biopsy-proven MCCs to discriminate MCC lesions. For cluster-based detection evaluation, a 90% sensitivity is obtained with a FP rate of 0.2 FPs per image. The classification performance of the whole system is validated on 70 cases and tested on 71 cases, and for case-based diagnosis evaluation, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) on validation and testing sets are 0.945 and 0.932, respectively. Different from previous literatures committing to finding and selecting effective features, the proposed method replaces manual feature extraction step by using deep convolution neural network. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in the automatically detection and classification of MCCs.
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