Dr. Hui Zhu Profile

Dr. Hui Zhu

at Cleveland Clinic Foundation

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SPIE Journal Paper | 14 August 2021 Open Access

Segmentation of the urothelium in optical coherence tomography images with dynamic contrast

Zhuo Xu, Hui Zhu, Hui Wang

JBO, Vol. 26, Issue 08, 086002, (August 2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.26.8.086002

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Image segmentation, Tissues, Bladder, Speckle, Tumors, Bladder cancer, Diffusion, Visualization, Tissue optics

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Significance: Speckle variation induced by intracellular motion (IM) in the urothelium was observed in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. IM can be used as a dynamic contrast to segment the urothelium by comparing two sequential OCT images. This method opens the possibility of specifically tracking the distribution of urothelial cancerous cells for identifying the microinvasion of bladder tumors. Approach: OCT images were acquired ex vivo with fresh porcine bladder tissue. IM was analyzed by tracking speckle variation using autocorrelation function, then quantified with constrained regularization method for inverting data (CONTIN method) to identify the decorrelation time (DT) of the speckle variations. Variance analysis was also conducted to show IM amplitude and distribution in the urothelium. The segmentation of the urothelium was demonstrated with OCT images with a visible urothelial layer and OCT images with an invisible urothelial layer. Results: Significant speckle variation induced by IM was observed in the urothelium. However, the distribution of the IM is heterogeneous. The DTs are mostly concentrated between 1 and 30 ms. With the IM as a dynamic contrast, the urothelium can be accurately and exclusively segmented, even the urothelial layer is invisible in normal OCT images. Conclusions: IM can be used as a dynamic contrast to exclusively track urothelial cell distribution. This contrast may provide a new mechanism for OCT to image the invasion depth and pattern of urothelial cancerous cells for accurately substaging of bladder cancer.

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Proceedings Article | 20 February 2020 Paper

Tissue temperature monitoring during laser vaporization through black body radiation at wavelengths less than 1.8 um

Paris Franz, Hui Zhu, Xiaomei Wang, Ray Chia, Tom Hasenberg, Hui Wang

Proceedings Volume 11238, 1123819 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2545105

KEYWORDS: Temperature sensors, Fiber optics sensors, Laser ablation, Optical fibers, Short wave infrared radiation

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Laser vaporization is a surgical procedure which utilizes a high power laser to quickly heat and vaporize tissue. Laser vaporization can be conducted on internal organs, such as breast or prostate, through a fiber catheter. Compared with other surgical technologies, it has excellent hemostasis capability with minimal collateral tissue damage, which may reduce hospitalization time and postoperative complications. Accurately monitoring tissue temperature during laser vaporization procedures provides important feedback to surgeons to improve surgical outcomes. Tissue cannot be vaporized if the temperature is lower than the boiling point, while high temperatures may lead to carbonization over the tissue surface, which not only reduces vaporization efficiency but also leads to postsurgical complications. However, until now, no sensing technologies have been developed to monitor tissue temperature during routine laser vaporization in clinics. Here, we report the use of blackbody radiation in the short-wave infrared range (SWIR) for tissue temperature monitoring during laser vaporization. Although blackbody radiation in SWIR is very weak for temperatures less than 100°C, the relatively low water absorption and silica fiber attenuation may allow temperature sensing in vivo. We successfully detected blackbody radiation in SWIR down to 80°C through a 2 m silica fiber. We then proved the feasibility of using blackbody radiation in SWIR to monitor tissue temperature during laser vaporization through an ex vivo tissue study. The developed technology is low-cost and can be seamlessly integrated with the fiber catheter used in laser vaporization.

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