The high sensitivity at single molecule level of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) enables measurements of
charged polymer molecules at extreme dilution condition, which has been difficulty for conventional techniques as
dynamic light scattering. By FCS, the conformation transition of single chain of polyelectrolytes is clearly exposed: the
first-order conformation transition by pH of poly 2-vinylpyridine, the scaling analysis of polystyrene sulfonate shows a
change from rod-like conformation to random coil conformation with the increase of the molecular weight. Photon count
histogram (PCH) helps to determine the electric potential of single charged polymer molecules, explaining the important
contribution of the counterion distribution: the breakdown of “counterion condensation.” FCS is a very important
method for the study of charged polymers and bio-macromolecules.
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