In the conventional coherent detection method, almost all the techniques of splitting and combining homologous
light source have been adopted, as a result of which the coaxial adjustment of signal and reference light
becomes quite complex and the energy utilization is rather low. This paper presents a new coherent detection
method with a shared line based on acousto-optic deflection. By the way of analyzing the optical structure and
the principle of frequency measurement, it proposes basic measures and solutions to improving the system's
accuracy and resolution of instantaneous frequency measurement. Best use has been made of the characteristics
of the diffracted spots so as to optimize the optical path structure and to make the effective superposition of 0
level spot and 1 level diffracted spot, thus realizing the tracking and measurement of electromagnetic spectrum
signal. Experiments show that application of the acousto-optic signal processing method in coherent detection
can overcome the contradiction between the frequency resolution and the instantaneous bandwidth of traditional
communication receiver and meet the demands of the communication system to high intercepted probability,
large instantaneous bandwidth, as well as rapid measurement of pulse. In comparison with the conventional
coherent detection method, this method can make the power of light source reduce by 50%, and receiver's
sensitivity much better than -65dBm, and then the intercept probability reached up to 100%. Moreover, the
frequency resolution is better than 100KHz.All this can achieve the seamless measurement of carrier frequency.
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