Conventional daylight video, and other forms of motion imagery, have an expanded role in communication and decision
making as sensor platforms (e.g., unoccupied aerial vehicles [UAVs]) proliferate. Video, of course, enables more
persons to become observers than does direct viewing, and presents a rapidly growing volume of content for those
observers to understand and integrate. However, knowing the identity of objects and gaining an awareness of situations
depicted in video can be challenging as the number of camera feeds increases, or as multiple decision makers rely on the
same content. Graphic additions to streaming video, spatially registered and appearing to be parts of the observed scene,
can draw attention to specific content, reduce uncertainty, increase awareness of evolving situations, and ultimately
produce a type of image-based communication that reduces the need for verbal interaction among observers. This paper
describes how streaming video can be enhanced for decision support using feature recognition and tracking; object
identification, graphic retrieval and positioning; and collaborative capabilities.
On-orbit servicing (OOS) is growing in importance for the sustainment of certain satellite systems. Although it is more economical to replace satellites in many cases, OOS could be beneficial, or even critical, for more expensive satellites such as Space-Based Laser and constellations such as the Global Positioning System. Some future OOS missions including refueling and modular component replacement will be highly autonomous, but there will still be a need for humans to supervise and to recover when unexpected situations arise. Non-routine tasks such as damage repair or optics cleaning will likely require a more significant level of human control. The human interfaces for such activities can include body tracking systems, three-dimensional audio and video, tactile feedback devices, and others. This paper will provide some insights into when and at what level human interaction may be needed for OOS tasks. Example missions will be discussed and the argument will be made that human interfaces are important even for primarily autonomous missions. Finally some current research efforts within NASA, academia and the military will be discussed including research being conducted in the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
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