The proliferation of a Colorless and Directionless and Contentionless (CD and C) architecture in metro core networks is rising up ever-greater demands on optical amplifiers to be smaller and higher integration. we overview recent advances in optical amplifier technologies, multiple EDFA arrays for compensating loss of a multicast switch and switchable gain EDFAs supporting a wide range of fiber-span loss distributions in the network and focus on the embedded passive component and pump laser in the amplifiers. We will also focus on the pluggable small form factor EDFA amplifies optical signals to enable long Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) links and amplifier for CFP-DCO/CFP2-ACO transceiver. Finally, we will discuss the feasibility of L-band amplifier and distribution Raman amplifier in a short-haul systems to realize a requisite optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) to support high bit rate transmission beyond 100G and high capacity transmission.
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