Due to a growing interest for microwave radiation sources with a radiation frequency of several tens of GHz and output power of several tens of kW, we developed a new generation of technological gyrotron setups. The key feature of these systems is a novel magnetic system based on magnetically shielded solenoids (MSS). This magnetic system is several times more energy efficient than the common warm solenoids and it also allows to control the properties of the helical electron beam to make it interact with various cavity modes. The developed MSS provides a high field induction in the interaction space and a small stray field, so the gyrotron can operate in wide range of magnetic fields (from 1 T to 1.8 T in relatively low-consumption regime). It allows a gyrotron complex to operate within a wide frequency range (from 24 to 50 GHz on main cyclotron resonance). A total system efficiency expected to be about 35%, which is significantly higher than the existing analogs.
The paper presents the results of recent experimental studies. The subject of research was the discharge of atmospheric pressure in a gas stream in focused beams of microwave radiation. The radiation sources were: a gyrotron with a radiation frequency of 263 GHz and a power of up to 1 kW, a free-electron laser with a radiation frequency of 2.3 GHz and with an average power of up to 400 W. The paper presents the results of measurements and calculations of breakdown fields, the results of measuring plasma parameters in these cases. Possible applications are discussed.
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