Nanophotonics opens up novel opportunities for frequency comb generation and frequency-comb based sensing. Beyond integration and compactness, it provides new powerful concepts of instruments for interferometry, three-dimensional imaging, molecular physics and spectroscopy. With selected examples, I will provide a summary of advances in the vibrant emerging field of integrated optics for frequency-comb applications.
The invention of the optical frequency comb technique has revolutionized the field of precision spectroscopy, providing a way to measure the absolute frequency of any optical transition. Since, frequency combs have become common equipment for frequency metrology. In the last decade, novel applications for the optical frequency comb have been demonstrated beyond its original purpose. Broadband molecular spectroscopy is one of those. One such technique of molecular spectroscopy with frequency combs, dual-comb Fourier transform spectroscopy provides short measurement times with resolution and accuracy. Two laser frequency combs with slightly different repetition frequencies generate pairs of pulses with a linearly-scanned delay between pulses in a pair. The system without moving parts mimics a fast scanning Fourier transform interferometer. The measurement speed may be several orders of magnitude faster than that of a Michelson-based Fourier transform spectrometer, which opens up new opportunities for broadband molecular spectroscopy. Recently, dual-comb spectroscopy has been extended to nonlinear phenomena. A broadband Raman spectrum of molecular fingerprints may be measured within a few tens of microseconds with coherent Raman dual-comb spectroscopy. Raster scanning the sample leads to hyperspectral images. This rapid and broadband label-free vibrational spectroscopy and imaging technique might provide new diagnostic methods in a variety of scientific and industrial fields.
Experiments combining intracavity laser absorption and stepping-mode time-resolved Fourier transform spectroscopies are presented and discussed. They allow to record broadband absorption spectra comprised of hundreds of time-components for absorption path lengths up to tens of kilometers in the near infrared.
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