Background: Electronic cigarettes are increasingly preferred by young people today, and most people use them to quit smoking. However, the impact of e-cigarettes on human oral health is still controversial. It is debatable whether e-cigarettes are as safe, regulated, and harmless as one might believe, and whether they have potential side effects on the human body. Objective: In this paper, we reviewed the literature related to traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes and oral health in recent years, and investigate the impact of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes on oral health from four aspects: analysis of the composition of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes, effects on oral cells, oral flora, and clinical oral health. Conclusion: Both e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes have an impact on a person's oral health. However, extensive experimental data is needed to prove whether e-cigarette aerosol is more harmful to the oral cavity than cigarette smoke (CS).
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an analytical technique characterizing molecular structure by measuring the absorption bands produced by overtones and combined excitations. Due to the advantages of the spectral analysis method, it grows fast in recent years and is widely used in the field of bioscience. The present review aims to provide an overview of NIR spectroscopy in a diverse field of bio-applications, including bioanalysis or biomedical diagnosis of body fluids, biological samples and plant medicines. Challenges and perspectives for NIR spectroscopy are also described.
Pulmonary disease has long been a major problem in the world medical community. Common drugs for the treatment of pulmonary diseases, such as albuterol and pirfenidone, have many side effects in clinical use. Therefore, it is of great significance to find new safe drugs to solve the clinical disadvantages of Western medicine. At present, increasing numbers of medicinal plant extracts have been testified to be effective in clinical trials of pulmonary diseases. The unique physiological structure of the lung provides convenience for aerosol inhalation therapy, and avoids adverse reactions caused by oral and injection administration. This review article aims to introduce the application of some medicinal plants in the treatment of lung diseases. The combination of medicinal plants and aerosol inhalation drug delivery system can improve the targeting, safety and effectiveness of drugs. With the development of technology and experience accumulation, aerosol inhalation treatment of medicinal plants brings hope for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.
Plant essential oils (EO) have a variety of biological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. EOs have shown to be effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and in improving blood sugar in diabetic patients. However, the mood-regulating mechanisms of essential oils have not established. This article reviews the mood regulation mechanisms of essential oils and their applications and prospects in neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and mood regulation.
Gingivitis is a kind of oral disease caused by local inflammation. The periodontal diseases with the highest clinical incidence in adults are chronic gingivitis and periodontitis. However, most of the antibiotics used in clinical treatment of periodontal disease are those that produce bacterial resistance and interfere with the ecological balance of oral flora. Research shows that honeysuckle, forsythia, coptis and other heat-clearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicine can assist periodontal basic treatment has a good effect on periodontitis and can be applied for a long time. In order to study the anti-inflammatory effects of common Chinese medicines on gingivitis, 27 kinds of Chinese medicines were selected and extracted by enzymolysis and boiling method. The antibacterial effects on bacteria and fungi were detected by the AGAR plate Oxford cup method. The best antibacterial effects of rhubarb, honeysuckle, coptis chinensis, galla chinensis, liquorice, forsythia, and clove were screened, and their inhibitory effects on inflammatory factors were further detected by human gingival epithelial cells. The results showed that rhubarb, honeysuckle, coptis chinensis, galla chinensis, glycyrrhiza, forsythia suspensa, and clove could inhibit inflammatory factors.
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