Prof. Robert S. Maier Profile

Prof. Robert S. Maier

Professor at Univ of Arizona

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Proceedings Article | 25 May 2004 Paper

A theory of magnetization reversal in nanowires

Robert Maier

Proceedings Volume 5471, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.553199

KEYWORDS: Particles, Anisotropy, Statistical analysis, Crystals, Stochastic processes, Magnetism, Optical spheres, Systems modeling, Ferromagnetics, Nanowires

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Magnetization reversal in a ferromagnetic nanowire which is much narrower than the exchange length is believed to be accomplished through the thermally activated growth of a spatially localized nucleus, which initially occupies a small fraction of the total volume. To date, the most detailed theoretical treatments of reversal as a field-induced but noise-activated process have focused on the case of a very long ferromagnetic nanowire, i.e., a highly elongated cylindrical particle, and have yielded a reversal rate per unit length, due to an underlying assumption that the nucleus may form anywhere along the wire. But in a bounded-length (though long) cylindrical particle with flat ends, it is energetically favored for nucleation to begin at either end. We indicate how to compute analytically the energy of the critical nucleus associated with either end, i.e., the activation barrier to magnetization reversal, which governs the reversal rate in the low-temperature (Kramers) limit. Our treatment employs elliptic functions, and is partly analytic rather than numerical. We also comment on the Kramers prefactor, which for this reversal pathway does not scale linearly as the particle length increases, and tends to a constant in the low-temperature limit.

Proceedings Article | 7 May 2003 Paper

Effects of weak spatiotemporal noise on a bistable one-dimensional system

Robert Maier, Daniel Stein

Proceedings Volume 5114, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.497641

KEYWORDS: Stochastic processes, Systems modeling, Mathematical modeling, Modeling, Computing systems, Complex systems, Mathematics, Physics, Transition metals, Nanowires

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We treat analytically a model that captures several features of the phenomenon of spatially inhomogeneous reversal of an order parameter. The model is a classical Ginzburg-Landau field theory restricted to a bounded one-dimensional spatial domain, perturbed by weak spatiotemporal noise having a flat power spectrum in time and space. Our analysis extends the Kramers theory of noise-induced transitions to the case when the system acted on by the noise has nonzero spatial extent, and the noise itself is spatially dependent. By extending the Langer-Coleman theory of the noise-induced decay of a metastable state, we determine the dependence of the activation barrier and the Kramers reversal rate prefactor on the size of the spatial domain. As this is increased from zero and passes through a certain critical value, a transition between activation regimes occurs, at which the rate prefactor diverges. Beyond the transition, reversal preferentially takes place in a spatially inhomogeneous rather than in a homogeneous way. Transitions of this sort were not discovered by Langer or Coleman, since they treated only the infinite-volume limit. Our analysis uses higher ranscendental functions to handle the case of finite volume. Similar transitions between activation regimes should occur in other models of metastable systems with nonzero spatial extent, perturbed by weak noise, as the size of the spatial domain is varied.

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