Real-time health monitoring of engineering structures is crucial for improving structural safety, extending the lifespan of structures, and reducing maintenance costs. In this paper, based on the strain monitoring data from distributed fiber optic sensors, a deformation reconstruction algorithm is established to obtain structural deformation information from strain measurements. An experimental test is conducted on a reinforced concrete plate subjected to explosive loads. Distributed fiber optic strain sensors are embedded in the upper and lower surfaces of the plate, and the deformation of the concrete plate under different blast conditions is evaluated by varying the explosive yield. The comparison between the reconstructed deformation results and the actual state of the structure (obtained through high-precision laser scanning) shows that the error of the structural deformation monitoring system based on fiber optic sensors is less than 3mm.
This paper aims to realize the structural safety monitoring of protective engineering by conducting experimental research on the application of fiber optic grating sensors in high-speed penetration and damage monitoring. The study designs a miniaturized flexible fiber optic grating strain sensor for dynamic strain measurement during high-speed penetration and damage of the target body by projectiles, and verifies its measurement performance by comparing it with strain gauges. The experimental results demonstrate that the dynamic strain measurement results of the fiber optic grating strain sensor during high-speed penetration and damage are consistent with those of the strain gauges and the actual situation. The fiber optic grating strain sensor can achieve dynamic strain measurement during high-speed penetration and damage processes. Moreover, the variance of strain measurement results from the fiber optic grating strain sensors is much smaller than that of the strain gauges. This study validates that fiber optic grating strain sensors have the advantages of convenient installation, suitability for embedding, no need for electrical power, safety against explosions, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and strong environmental adaptability. They provide comparable results to strain gauges for measuring highspeed dynamic strains while overcoming the challenges associated with strain gauge installation difficulties, susceptibility to damage during embedding, high grounding requirements, poor environmental adaptability, and high surface bonding requirements. Therefore, fiber optic grating strain sensors are an important new technological approach that can replace strain gauges in future safety and health monitoring of protective engineering projects during wartime.
Protective engineering structures are designed to withstand and mitigate the effects of penetration explosions. However, such explosions can generate a variety of toxic gases, including TVOC, CO2, CO, HCHO, C6H6, NH3, Rn, NOx, PM2.5, PM10 and etc. The presence of these toxic gases poses a significant threat to the health and safety of personnel within these structures. Therefore, it is crucial to have timely knowledge of the changing concentrations of toxic gases during penetration explosions in order to effectively minimize harm to occupants. To address this issue, a method is proposed to monitor the concentration of toxic gases in real time during penetration explosions in protective engineering structures. The first step involves eliminating the influence of the explosion itself by using nylon ropes to fill the target projectile. This ensures that the focus is solely on monitoring the toxic gas emissions resulting from the penetration process.
Next, a comprehensive monitoring system is implemented to measure the concentrations of various toxic gases. This system utilizes advanced sensors and detectors capable of detecting TVOC, CO2, CO, HCHO, C6H6, NH3, Rn, NOx, PM2.5, PM10 and etc. The sensors are strategically placed within the protective engineering structure to provide accurate and representative measurements. promptly relays the information to a centralized control center. This enables personnel responsible for the safety of the structure to monitor the changing gas concentrations and take appropriate measures to protect occupants. For example, if the concentration of a particular toxic gas exceeds a predetermined threshold, an alarm can be triggered, prompting immediate evacuation or the activation of ventilation systems to mitigate the risks. By implementing this real-time monitoring system, the potential harm caused by toxic gases during penetration explosions in protective engineering structures can be effectively minimized. The ability to promptly detect and respond to changes in gas concentrations ensures the safety and well-being of personnel within these structures. This research contributes to the advancement of protective engineering practices and provides valuable insights for the design and operation of structures in high-risk environments.
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