As a 3D micronanostructure enabler, laser processing has contributed to 3D miniaturized intelligent robots greatly. For example, laser processing has been widely used for print photopolymers through two-photon/multi-photon absorption. To make general photopolymers “smart”, doping or post-deposition of functional materials provides a way to fabricate miniaturized intelligent robots. Alternatively, laser processing based on stimuli responsive materials, for instance, hydrogel and protein, has also been reported for the development of miniaturized intelligent robots. Recently, the spatial resolution of laser processing has been significantly improved to tens of nanometers; and processible materials have been extended to a broad range, for instance, photopolymers, protein, hydrogel, carbon, metal, and even nanoparticles. The rapid progress of laser processing technology push forward the rapid advances of min-iaturized intelligent robots.
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