Water Desalination is the process of desalinating seawater into freshwater. The desalination process is typically done by introducing seawater into the plant by an offshore pipeline. Multiple water properties need to be measured and analyzed to assure the feed seawater is suitable for desalination processing to prevent fouling, scaling, and corrosion of equipment and reduce operational costs. These parameters include seawater temperature, total dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and pH. This paper will discuss developing and integrating a low-cost, highly scalable sensor subsystem measuring water conductivity in the Arabian Gulf.
Water is the new oil of the 21st century due to increased consumption and demand. High-quality water with free of contamination is vital for human beings and many industries such as oil and gas, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food. To meet the massive amount of freshwater production, United Arab Emirates (UAE) relies on the energy-intensive Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) and Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) technologies to provide fresh water for various applications. These energy-intensive processes consume a significant share of UAE oil and gas. In general, thermal desalination is an energy-intensive process. UAE is shifting to use Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination for the freshwater production. To reduce the energy consumptionand the pretreatment stages onsite monitoring of the seawater intake has to be intensively recorded. This study discusses a design of a seawater test station, which has a sensor network to measure the quality parameters of seawater, including the water’s pH.
Heat is one of the major setbacks to a Li-Po batterie’s efficiency and performance, being an un-avoidable factor, the increase in heat shortens the cycling life of the battery considerably. Moreover, the heat increases the rate of unwanted chemical reactions inside the battery, which in turn increases the risk of swelling, sparking or even catching fire. This study measures the effect of temperature on the performance of the battery power output. The battery is connected to an electric ducted fan that draws approximately 150 Amp DC. The rapid discharge of the Li-Po battery generates heat that affects the power output of battery, and in turn affects the Electric Ducted Fan performance. The temperature of the battery is managed by either emerging it in a cooling bath or by the room HVAC system. The performance of the battery is measured by analyzing the thrust obtained by the electric ducted fan in relation to the power provided by the battery. Once the data is obtained, an artificial neural network is trained to obtain the relationship between the temperature to the battery performance.
In this paper, an experimental study is performed to find the relation between the current of a battery and the power thrust of an electric-powered ducted fan. Electric-powered duct fans are becoming increasingly popular in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and are controlled by a pulse position modulation controller. Three different measurements are taken by three transducers, namely: a multimeter with a range of 0 to 400 DC Amps that measures the input current feeding the electric speed controller from the batteries; a load cell with a range of 0 to 45 KG to measure the thrust output of each of the motor; and, a thermocouple to measure the temperature of the Li-Po batteries. Once the data was obtained, an artificial neural network was trained and tested to obtain the relationship between the input (pulse position modulation) and output (the thrust). The effects of battery current on an electric-powered ducted fan are then summarized.
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