The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy emission characteristics of trace heavy metal lead in water is studied based
on graphite conch method, with a 1064nm wavelength Nd: YAG laser as excitation source, the echelle spectrometer and
ICCD detector are used for spectral separation and high sensitive detection with high resolution and wide spectral range.
The delay time 900ns and gate time 1600ns are determined in the experiment. The calibration curve of Pb is plotted
based on the different concentration measurement results, and a limit of detection of 0.0138mg / L is obtained for Pb in
water. Graphite conch method effectively overcomes the current problems on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
detection of heavy metal in water. The detection limits and stability are improved. The reference data is provided for
further study on the fast measurement of trace heavy metals in water by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
technique.
A developed in situ measuring system uses light emitted diodes (LED) and laser diodes(LD) as light sources is employed
for the recording of algae chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics (Kautsky-effect). Photosynthesis activity as an
important parameter is obtained in the system which measures the chlorophyll fluorescence yield. Minimal fluorescence
is excited by the brief but really weak light pulses from LED as measure light while photosynthesis is happened, variable
fluorescence which means there is energy conversion through photosynthesis is also excited by a LED but the beam is
more stronger, LD induced saturation fluorescence stands for maximum fluorescence. The system could works for alga
chlorophyll photosynthesis activity continuous measure in situ through efficiently mechanical and optical design.
Differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) is the method widely used to measure trace gases in the atmosphere. The key procedures in the retrieval algorithms of the recorded DOAS spectra are the separation of the absorption into two parts that represent respectively broad and narrow spectral features and the evaluation of absorption spectra. The linear least-squares fitting routines were used to evaluate absorption spectra in the past when the atmospheric spectra were modeled with a linear combination of known laboratory reference spectra to derive the concentrations. In this paper, a new analysis method to derive the concentrations was developed. The method is based on the data correlation and can get the simultaneous linear equations with unknowns of the concentrations (formula available in paper). Solving this n order linear equations can determinate the concentrations of trace gases. This new method considers the fingerprint features of the various trace gases in the same range of wavelength and reduces the influence caused by the detector noise and photon statistics.
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