Various types of nanomaterials play currently important role in different fields of medicine. For example, silica–calcia system is a well-known basic composition of bioactive glass that is used in regenerative medicine. Glass nanostructures might show higher activity and broader range of applications in comparison to their well-known microsized counterparts. We present studies on nanoparticles (average diameter <100 nm) of bioactive glass showing photoluminescence due to a modified composition of silica–calcia system. The sol–gel route was used to fabricate the particles. To ensure photoactivity, the composition of glass was modified by addition of lanthanide ions, phthalocyanine complexes with metals, carbon structures, or zinc oxide. The optical properties (absorption and photoluminescence spectra) of the samples as well as their structural and morphological properties were examined. The results showed that glasses were active in different spectral ranges of electromagnetic spectrum – from ultraviolet to near infrared – depending on the activators. Photoactivity was presented as luminescent and photocatalytic properties as well as singlet oxygen generation. The bioactivity tests indicated that when particles were immersed in the simulated body fluid, ions release to the medium appeared and hydroxyapatite formation on the glass surface was observed. Described systems could be used, for example, for monitoring structural changes of the glass immersed in biological fluids, bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, or photocatalysis. Research was supported by the National Science Centre (Poland) grant No. 2016/22/E/ST5/00530.
We present studies on bioactive silica-based glass nanoparticles showing photoluminescence. The sol–gel or solvothermal route was used for syntheses. Lanthanides, zinc oxide or phthalocyanine complexes ensured light emission. The structural, morphological, and optical properties were examined. During the bioactivity tests, when particles were immersed in SBF, ions release to the medium and hydroxyapatite formation were analyzed. Composites with graphite oxide were described as well. The systems are promissing for monitoring structural changes of the glass immersed in biological fluids, bioimaging or photodynamic therapy. Research was performed within Polish–Ukrainian Joint Exchange Project and NSC grants 2016/23/B/ST5/024830, 2016/22/E/ST5/00530.
This paper presents a short review of the results obtained by the authors in the field of the sol–gel-derived glass nanoparticles activated with lanthanides ions. The attention is focused on the systems that are particularly interesting for photonic structures and bioapplications. We discuss how the sol–gel technology allows to prepare different kind of active nanoparticles and how is possible to use them in specific applications. Some examples showing fabrication techniques of spherical micro- and nanoparticles are given, including preparation of rare-earth-doped silica and silica-calcia glass. The proper structures are mentioned to tailor the optical and spectroscopic properties of microresonators. Glass-ceramics systems are also reminded where nanocrystalline particles are derived. Fabrication and spectroscopic assessment of rare earth doped HfO2 and SnO2 nanoparticles are presented as well. Finally, it is discussed how bioactive properties of SiO2– CaO nanoparticles can be used in medicine, for example in tracking using their luminescent properties.
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