As the visual perception window of the drone system, the lens provides great help for obtaining visual information, detection, and recognition. However, traditional lenses carried on drones cannot have characteristics of a large field of view (FoV), small size, and low weight at the same time. To meet the above requirements, we propose a panoramic annular lens (PAL) system with 4K high resolution, a large FoV of (30 deg to 100 deg) × 360 deg, an angular resolution of 12.2 mrad of aerial perspective, and great imaging performance. We equip a drone system with our designed PAL to collect panoramic image data at an altitude of 100 m from the track and field and obtain the first drone-perspective panoramic scene segmentation dataset Aerial-PASS, with annotated labels of track and field. We design an efficient deep architecture for aerial scene segmentation. Trained on Aerial-PASS, the yielded model accurately segments aerial images. Compared with the ERF-PAPNet and SwiftNet semantic segmentation networks, the network we adopted has higher recognition accuracy with the mean IoU greater than 86.30%, which provides an important reference for the drone system to monitor and identify specific targets in real-time in a large FoV.
The wide-angle lens is widely used with the advantage of a large field of view, but it is difficult to solve the problem of large distortion. Therefore, the research on how to design a wide-angle low-distortion lens with excellent imaging quality is very meaningful. In this paper, we propose a high-performance wide-angle small distortion optical system, which has a horizontal field angle of 110° and a vertical field angle of 77°, focal length of 2.03mm, f number of 1.65, and a total length of 16.5mm. By introducing a non-rotational symmetric freeform surface into the last side of the wide-angle optical system and combining with several even aspheric surfaces, the f-tan(theta) distortion in the X direction is controlled to -6%~+1%, and the f-tan(theta) distortion in the Y direction is controlled to less than 1%. At the same time, the MTF of the system is greater than 0.35 at 125lp/mm, so that the circular image plane can better adapt to the rectangular sensor. In addition, due to the introduction of the freeform surface in the system, the change of system structure with temperature becomes more complex. We carry out thermal analysis for this surface and calculate the change of structure with temperature. Finally, we completed the athermalized design of the lens, so that the wide-angle lens can work in the range of -40℃~+80℃. This optical system has great development potential in security monitoring, UAV detection and other fields that may encounter extreme environments.
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