Fluorescence fluctuation methods, such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, are very sensitive to optical
aberrations. That is why it is possible to use a fluctuations-based metric, the molecular brightness, to correct aberrations
using a sensorless modal adaptive optics approach. We have investigated the performance of this method by correcting
known aberrations under various experimental conditions. The signal-to-noise ratio of the brightness measurement was
examined theoretically and experimentally and found to be directly related to the accuracy of aberration correction, so
that the latter can be predicted for a given sample brightness and measurement duration. We have also shown that the
initial measurement conditions play a key role in the correction dynamics and we provide guidelines to optimize the
corrections accuracy and speed. The molecular brightness, used as a metric, has the advantage that it depends on
aberrations as the square of the Strehl ratio, regardless of the nature of the sample. Therefore, it is straightforward to
predict the achievable correction accuracy and the same performance can be obtained in samples with different structure
and contrast, which would not be possible with image-based optimization metrics.
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