One important parameter that is often not considered in the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) is the laser-induced oxidation produced when oxidation prone materials are irradiated in air environment. In this work, we characterize the response of the oxidation prone hard-coating material chromium nitride and explain the findings with finite-difference time-domain calculations. We also employ complementary surface and in-depth analytic techniques to reveal morphological, chemical and structural features of different types of surface structures and LIPSS produced on titanium-based substrates.
Multi-focal beam shaping can enhance laser processing throughput by increasing the number of processing sites and lowering processing time. This paper implements multi-focal beam shaping by adopting a tunable acoustic gradient of index (TAG) lens, which scans the focal position in the axial direction at 140 kHz. When the laser is synced with the corresponding phases of the TAG lens, multiple focal spots can be selected, allowing for ultrafast and flexible multi-focal modulation without physically moving any optics. We further characterize the tuning parameters of the TAG lens, such as its frequency, amplitude, and phase, and demonstrate the dual-focal marking on both sides of a glass slide in a single lateral scan.
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