Ms. Dharma Patel Profile

Dharma Patel

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SPIE Journal Paper | 19 July 2022 Open Access

In vivo near-infrared fluorescent fibrin highlights growth of nerve during regeneration across a nerve gap

Igor Luzhansky, Emma Anisman, Dharma Patel, Naasik Syed, Matthew Wood, Mikhail Berezin

JBO, Vol. 27, Issue 07, 070502, (July 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.27.7.070502

KEYWORDS: Nerve, Tissues, In vivo imaging, Luminescence, Injuries, Nerve regeneration, Near infrared, Visualization, Magnetic resonance imaging, Axons

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Significance: Exogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as fibrinogen and the thrombin-polymerized scaffold fibrin, are used in surgical repair of severe nerve injuries to supplement ECM produced via the injury response. Monitoring the dynamic changes of fibrin during nerve regeneration may shed light on the frequent failure of grafts in the repair of long nerve gaps.Aim: We explored whether monitoring of fibrin dynamics can be carried out using nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) containing fibrin tagged with covalently bound fluorophores.Approach: Fibrinogen was conjugated to a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye. NGCs consisting of silicone tubes filled with the fluorescent fibrin were used to repair a 5-mm gap injury in rat sciatic nerve (n = 6).Results: Axonal regeneration in fluorescent fibrin-filled NGCs was confirmed at 14 days after implantation. Intraoperative fluorescence imaging after implantation showed that the exogenous fibrin was embedded in the early stage regenerative tissue. The fluorescent signal temporarily highlighted a cable-like structure within the conduit and gradually degraded over two weeks.Conclusions: This study, for the first time, visualized in vivo intraneural fibrin degradation, potentially a useful prospective indicator of regeneration success, and showed that fluorescent ECM, in this case fibrin, can facilitate imaging of regeneration in peripheral nerve conduits without significantly affecting the regeneration process.

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