Dr. Karine Chesnel Profile

Dr. Karine Chesnel

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Addressing calibration of high-harmonic generation sources used for studying magnetism

Taylor Buckway, Aaron Redd, Devin Lewis, Eric Gullikson, Joshua Vawdrey, Karine Chesnel, David Allred, Richard Sandberg

Proceedings Volume 12694, 1269404 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692397

KEYWORDS: Iron, Magnetism, Extreme ultraviolet, Calibration, Spectral calibration, Gold, High harmonic generation, X-rays

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Tabletop extreme ultraviolet (EUV) sources based on high harmonic generation (HHG) have been used as a powerful tool for probing magnetism. Obtaining magnetic information via magneto-optical contrast often requires the energy of the light to be tuned to magnetic resonance energies of the magnetic element present in the material; therefore, it is essential to calibrate the HHG spectrum to well defined absorption energies of materials. We have designed and assembled a HHG based EUV source for studying transition metal magnetic materials at their resonant M-absorption edges (35-75 eV of photon energy). One material of interest is iron, for which the iron M_2,3 edge is 52.7 eV (23.5 nm wavelength) according to CXRO. We prepared and characterized a thin sample of iron for absorption spectroscopy and calibration of the absorption edge with beamline 6.3.2 at the Advance Light Source (ALS) in Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This well characterized sample was capped with gold to prevent oxidation. From these measurements we extracted the absorption part of the index of refraction β spectrally and confirmed that the absorption edge of iron is 52.7 eV. With this information, we can better calibrate the HHG spectrum of our tabletop EUV source. Calibration of the HHG spectrum was achieved using model fitting the HHG spectrum using the grating equation and law of cosines while taking account into the results of the ALS data. We have determined that driving wavelength of the HHG process to be 773 nm. We also conclude that the chirp of the driving laser pulse can cause an energy shift to a HHG spectrum.

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