Dr. Xiaoming Zhang Profile

Dr. Xiaoming Zhang

at Mayo Clinic and Foundation

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Proceedings Article | 12 April 2005 Paper

Generation of ring resonant mode for measuring artery elastic modulus

Xiaoming Zhang, James Greenleaf

Proceedings Volume 5750, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.592730

KEYWORDS: Arteries, Ultrasonography, Distance measurement, Transducers, Doppler effect, Wave propagation, Velocity measurements, Medicine, Confocal microscopy, Optical testing

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Increased stiffness of the arteries has recently gained acceptance as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and many other diseases. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is widely used for estimating the stiffness of an artery. From measured PWV, the diameter and thickness of the artery are needed to calculate the elastic modulus of the artery. In this paper a new method of using ring resonant mode for estimation of arterial elastic modulus is proposed. To generate the ring resonance, a localized radiation force of ultrasound is remotely and non-invasively applied at the artery. The vibration response of the artery is measured by optical or Doppler techniques. Three ring resonant modes are identified for estimation of the elastic modulus of the artery. Experiments on ring resonant frequencies were carried out on a porcine artery. The measurement results of the three resonant frequencies are, respectively, 356 Hz, 718 Hz, and 968 Hz. Estimation of the circumferential Young's modulus by the three measured frequencies are, respectively, 135 kPa, 137 kPa, and 125 kPa. The estimated modulus is very consistent with the three resonant frequency measurements. The values of these three estimations are well within the range of arterial elastic modulus from published papers. With this method, the estimation of the Young's modulus of the artery only requires the diameter of the artery, but doesn't need the thickness of the artery which is difficult to measure with accuracy and precision.

Proceedings Article | 6 May 2004 Paper

Inverse method for estimating elastic modulus of arterial walls

Xiaoming Zhang, Mostafa Fatemi, James Greenleaf

Proceedings Volume 5368, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.532760

KEYWORDS: Arteries, Velocity measurements, Wave propagation, Ultrasonography, Phase measurement, Distance measurement, Mathematical modeling, Blood, Tissues, Transducers

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Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is widely used for estimating the stiffness of an artery. It is well known that a stiffened artery can be associated with various diseases and with aging and disease. Usually, PWV is measured using the “foot-to-foot” method. The “foot” of the pressure wave is not clear due to reflected waves and blood noise. Also, PWV is an average indicator of artery stiffness between the two measuring points, and therefore does not identify local stiffness variations. We propose producing a flexural wave in the arterial wall using low frequency localized ultrasound radiation force and measuring the wave velocity along the arterial wall. The wave velocity can be measured accurately over a few millimeters. A mathematical model for wave propagation along the artery is developed with which the Young’s modulus of the artery can be determined from measured wave velocities. Experiments were conducted on a pig carotid artery in gelatin. The wave velocity was measured by the phase change at a known distance for a given frequency. The measured wave velocity is about 3 m/s at 100 Hz and 6.5 m/s at 500 Hz. The real part of complex elastic modulus of the artery is estimated to be 300 kPa.

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