Continuous wavefront sensing benefits space observatories in on-orbit optical performance maintenance. To measure the phase of a wavefront, phase retrieval is an attractive technique as it uses multiple point spread function (PSF) images that are acquired by the telescope itself without extra metrology systems nor complicated calibration. The focus diverse phase retrieval utilizes PSFs from predetermined defocused positions to enhance the dynamic range of the algorithm. We describe an updated visible light active optics testbed with the addition of a linear motorized focus stage. The performance of the phase retrieval algorithm in broadband is tested under various cases. While broadband pass filters have advantages in higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the performance of phase retrieval can be restricted due to blurred image caused by diffraction and increased computing cost. We used multiple bandpass filters (10 nm, 88 nm, and 150 nm) and investigated effects of bandwidth on the accuracy and required image acquisition conditions such as SNR, reaching accuracies below 20 nm RMS wavefront error at the widest bandwidth. We also investigated the dynamic range of the phase retrieval algorithm depending on the bandwidth and required amount of defocus to expand dynamic range. Finally, we simulated the continuous wavefront sensing and correction loop with a range of statistically generated representative telescope disturbance time series to test for edge cases.
Precise characterization of deformable mirrors (DMs) is crucial for optimizing wavefront sensing and control systems. This study employs a 4D PhaseCam 6000 interferometer to investigate the temporal behavior of a 97-actuator ALPAO DM across varying levels of aberration. Analysis of root mean square (RMS) differences and changes in the first 37 Zernike polynomials demonstrates a clear correlation between applied aberrations and temporal variability. We observe a consistent pattern: as the applied magnitude of the RMS to the DM increases, so does the disparity between maximum and minimum RMS values across all configurations, with exceptions noted in cases involving coma and scenarios without applied aberrations (DM powered on and DM powered off). Notably, in 11 out of 14 measurements, either oblique astigmatism or vertical astigmatism exhibits the highest variability, often appearing together, underscoring their collective impact on DM performance over time.
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