In parallel with the overall telescope liquid mirror design effort, we discuss nanomaterial synthesis techniques for reflective ferrofluid as well as manufacturing development of a magnetically permeable metallic paraboloid shell with surface wicking structure and electromagnetic control coil arrays. The forces from the coils and capillarity from the wick establish the requisite control and stability to deliver required wavefront performance and maintain fluid stability. We share our initial model and small-scale coupon test results for baseline ferrofluid, wicking structure, and actuation inputs to demonstrate feasibility. We also outline next steps for our optical and ferrofluid modeling and material synthesis for a prototype 50 cm mirror we anticipate building in the near future.
We propose a direct two-dimensional Fourier domain fitting-free method to determine the period of a Ronchi ruling. A precise method to measure a spatial frequency targetโs quality and fidelity is highly desired as the pattern period directly affects every aspect of a spatial frequency target-based metrology, including the accuracy and precision of the measurement or evaluations. A standard Talbot experimental apparatus and the Talbot effect are used to obtain and model our data. To determine the period of the ruling directly, only a common digital camera, with a protective glass and an air gap in front of the sensor array, and a Ronchi ruling of chrome deposited on a glass substrate are required. The Talbot effect-based crossing point modeling technique requires no calibration or
Rectangular pupils are employed in many optical applications such as lasers and anamorphic optics, as well as for detection and metrology systems such as some ShackโHartmann wavefront sensors and deflectometry systems. For optical fabrication, testing, and analysis in the rectangular domain, it is important to have a well-defined set of polynomials that are orthonormal over a rectangular pupil. Since we often measure the gradient of a wavefront or surface, it is necessary to have a polynomial set that is orthogonal over a rectangular pupil in the vector domain as well. We derive curl (called C) polynomials based on two-dimensional (2-D) versions of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. Previous work derived a set of polynomials (called G polynomials) that are obtained from the gradients of the 2-D Chebyshev polynomials. We show how the two sets together can be used as a complete representation of any vector data in the rectangular domain. The curl polynomials themselves or the complete set of G and C polynomials has many interesting applications. Two of those applications shown are systematic error analysis and correction in deflectometry systems and mapping imaging distortion.
This paper presents the detail fabrication process and metrology applied to the mirror from the grinding to finish, that include extremely stable hydraulic support, IR and Visible deflectometry, Interferometry and Computer Controlled fabrication process developed at the University of Arizona.
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