Electronic holographic displays precisely reconstruct the wavefront of object light and have attracted considerable attention for Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications. To achieve a high-quality holographic display with a wide field of view, it is necessary to reduce the pixel pitch of a spatial light modulator (SLM) to about 1 μm. We have achieved a precise control of Liquid Crystal (LC) alignment in 1 μm pitch pixels by exploiting the anisotropy of pixel space due to the lattice-shaped dielectric walls. In this paper, we have investigated the effect of LC-SLM structure on the image quality of electric holographic displays. As a result, we clarified that the image quality of phase-modulation type holographic displays does not degrade even when the number of gray levels is four or more and established a simple pixel structure that allows independent control of 1 μm pitch pixels and high image quality.
Sheet-type liquid crystal displays (LCDs) using plastic substrates have many advantages such as ultra-thin, light-weight and unbreakable and have attracted significant interest as a promising technology for new display applications.
We have developed the foldable LCDs using nano-phase-separated LCs. By introducing the nano-size polymer network into the LCs and controlling the viscoelasticity of LC materials, we successfully suppressed the flow of LCs and improved the luminance uniformity by in the bending process. In addition, we established the control method of the polymer aggregation structure by using the polymerization inhibitor and developed the foldable LCDs with a small radius of curvature.
One-dimensional 1-μm-pitch light modulation was achieved experimentally using a liquid crystal (LC) device for wide viewing-zone angle holographic displays. When the pixel pitch of the LC device is 1 μm, individual pixel driving is extremely difficult due to electric field leakage and penetration of the elastic force of the LC from adjacent pixels. To overcome these problems, a dielectric shield wall structure is suggested, with dielectric walls between pixels. An LC cell with a dielectric shield wall structure was fabricated using nanoimprint technology; the individuality of the light modulation and diffraction pattern produced by the LC cell was evaluated. Our results showed that the dielectric shield wall structure achieved individual 1-μm-pitch light modulation and a diffraction angle of 19 deg at a wavelength of 633 nm. The remaining layer of the dielectric resin, which is surplus dielectric resin under the dielectric walls produced by the nanoimprint procedure, should be reduced as it tends to increase the driving voltage and electric field leakage from adjacent pixels.
It is easy for the liquid crystal to save the electric power for non-emissive display essentially in various flat panel displays, and to improve the electro-optical property by function separation of a light source and an optical control, etc. However, the utilizing efficiency of light in liquid crystal displays is about several %. One of the low efficiency factors is a color filter. We adopted the FS method to switch the light source color using OCB mode with excellent switching speed. This method is a technology that displays full colors by switching a red, green, blue image at high speed sequentially. The merit of this method is high efficiency without using the color filter that absorbs 67.1% of the backlight, and it is a useful skill to the power consumption reduction of the liquid crystal panel. In addition, there is an advantage that clear motion image can be displayed for this method to blink the source of the backlight at high speed. The 6-inch LCD panel with the FS OCB mode was manufactured. The clear motion image, high utilizing efficiency of light, and large color gamut were achieved.
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