The results of Jones matrix mapping of optically thin, non-depolarizing polycrystalline films of synovial fluid (of human joint at reactive and aseptic synovitis) and urine (of healthy donors – patients with albuminuria) are presented. The Jones-matrix model of polarization manifestations of phase anisotropy mechanisms is presented. The method of experimental measurement of coordinate distributions of the values of the modulus and the phase of the Jones matrix elements is suggested. In the framework of statistical and cross-correlation approaches, the maps of the modulus and phase of the Jones-matrix images of optically thin polycrystalline films of human organs with different pathologies are analyzed. A set of objective parameters (statistical and generalized correlation moments) of differential diagnostics of the reactive and aseptic synovitis of the knee joint, as well as of albuminuria was determined with excellent and good balanced precision.
A new analytic parameter-the degree of local depolarization (LPD) of the laser field-is theoretically justified. The technique of experimental measurement of LPD maps is presented. Sets of diagnostic parameters-statistical moments of the first-fourth order, the correlation area and the variance of the logarithmic distribution of the LPD power spectra are obtained. Differential diagnostics of rat skin carcinoma was realized.
An optical model of the polycrystalline structure of the human blood film is proposed as a superposition of completely polarized and depolarized components. Analytical algorithms for describing the polarization manifestations of such components are found. A new technique for laser sounding of blood films and detection of polarization-inhomogeneous fields by means of variations in the states of polarization of the reference wave is developed. The algorithm of digital holographic reconstruction of distributions of complex amplitudes of the polarization-inhomogeneous object field of polycrystalline films of blood is used. Layered maps of the distribution of azimuth and ellipticity of polarization of the object field of polycrystalline films of blood were obtained and analyzed. 3D distributions of the linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of such films are determined. Sensitivity, specificity and balanced accuracy of the method of digital polarization-holographic 3D reconstruction of the polycrystalline structure of blood films are determined. Statistical analysis of polarization maps of the polycrystalline structure of blood films revealed objective criteria for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
The method of azimuthally invariant 3D Muller-matrix mapping of distributions of phase and amplitude anisotropy parameters of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissues of different morphological structures is proposed and substantiated. In the volume of biological samples, the coordinate distributions of the magnitude of the set of Mullermatrix invariants (MMI) histological sections of the myocardium tissue with a spatially structured optical anisotropic fibrillary network, as well as parenchymal tissue of the rat liver with an islet polycrystalline structure, were obtained. The "phase" dependences of the magnitude of the statistical moments of the 1 st - 4 th orders, which characterize the distributions of the MMI values of polarization manifestations of the parameters of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of the polycrystalline component of different types of biological tissues, are determined. A comparative study was made of the possibilities of differentiation of changes in the parameters of optical anisotropy using traditional 2D and 3D Muller-matrix mapping methods. The optimal conditions for the differentiation of polycrystalline structures of biological tissues - the range of phase sections and the most sensitive parameters - are the statistical moments of the 3rd and 4th orders that characterize the distributions of MMI associated with the polarization manifestations of linear birefringence and dichroism of different types of optically anisotropic structures.
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